石化企业内浮顶罐挥发性有机物排放量核算与影响因素分析

以某石化企业内浮顶罐为实例,根据AP-42公式,从浮顶罐结构、油品性质、周转量及环境因素4个方面对内浮顶储罐的VOCs排放进行研究。计算结果表明：浮盘缝隙损耗和挂壁损耗是内浮顶储罐VOCs排放的主要来源;浮盘构造、周转量、罐壁锈蚀程度及边缘密封形式是内浮顶罐VOCs损耗的主要影响因素;罐漆颜色、储罐直径、油品种类及储液温度为次要影响因素;固定顶支撑柱数量、环境湿度及环境风速对储罐挥发损耗的影响较小。针对分析结果,提出降低储罐VOCs挥发损耗的措施。     

煤灰渣开发利用的途径

本文在笔者研究的基础上提出了开发利用煤灰渣的途径,推荐了利用煤灰渣生产墙体材料、生产水泥及灌浆材料的有关参数。煤灰渣的开发利用不仅可减少堆放煤灰渣占用的土地和消除煤灰渣对环境的污染,而且可使企业获得显著的经济效益。     

土石坝高聚物防渗墙离心机振动台模型试验研究∗

为研究高聚物防渗墙的抗震性能,开展了土石坝高聚物防渗墙和混凝土防渗墙离心机振动台模型试验研究。在调幅分别为0.2g和0.4g El-Centro地震波输入条件下,通过对墙体动应力、超孔隙水压力、动土压力、坝体加速度、坝顶沉降等数据的采集分析以及试验后的开挖验证,结果发现:强震下高聚物防渗墙的动应力远小于混凝土防渗墙,与坝体加速度响应较为一致,但对动力的传递作用使得下游坝坡承受较大的水平土压力作用。研究表明高聚物防渗墙具有较好的变形协调性及良好的抗震性能,但选用高聚物防渗墙的土石坝应注意下游坝坡的加固处理。     

筋‐土界面刚度软化对加筋土挡墙动力特性的影响∗

加筋土挡墙被广泛应用于公路工程、铁路工程、水利工程、边坡等支挡结构中,筋土界面的动力剪切特性对加筋土挡墙的稳定性和耐久性有重要的影响。采用室内直剪试验研究了不同剪切频率(1 Hz,2 Hz,3 Hz)和不同竖向压力(50 kPa,100 kPa,150 kPa)条件下粗粒土与格栅界面的循环剪切特性。通过对循环剪切试验数据的拟合分析得到了筋土界面剪切刚度变化的经验公式,然后编制fish语言将该公式导入FLAC3D软件。通过分析考虑筋土界面剪切刚度变化规律的加筋挡土墙三维计算模型,并与振动台试验的试验数据进行了对比验证,发现了考虑筋土界面刚度软化的模型更符合实际情况。采用验证以后的三维计算模型对地震作用下考虑筋土界面和不考虑筋土界面剪切刚度软化的加筋土挡墙动力特性进行了对比分析。结果表明:考虑筋土界面剪切刚度的软化对地震作用下加筋土挡墙有明显的影响,在地震峰值加速度为0.4g时,考虑软化后墙体水平位移比不考虑软化增大了8.8%,加速度放大系数比不考虑软化增大了1.76%,筋材的最大拉力比不考虑软化的减小了6.9%。因此筋土界面的剪切刚度软化对地震作用下加筋土挡墙的影响不可忽略。     

煤岩体巷道壁面钻孔减震吸能性能研究

为了掌握瓦斯爆炸冲击载荷在煤岩巷道壁面钻孔下的传播衰减规律,揭示煤岩巷道壁面钻孔减震吸能机理,提高巷道系统的安全稳定性能,基于一维平面应力波理论和节理刚度模型分析了煤矿井下巷道围岩钻孔的减震吸能机理,解释了煤岩壁面钻孔的存在对应力波传递的减弱和阻隔作用。为了深入研究巷道壁面钻孔的减震吸能性能,利用ANSYS/LS- DYNA建立方形巷道模型,模型壁面设置有钻孔,针对巷道右壁面和顶板布置相应监测点,对瓦斯爆炸冲击载荷作用下巷道壁面钻孔的减震吸能性能进行了数值模拟。结果表明:由于介质的非连续性和不同介质之间特性存在差异,煤岩体巷道壁面钻孔有效消减了钻孔后煤岩体质点中波的强度及速度,具有一定的减震吸能作用。研究煤岩巷道壁面钻孔在冲击载荷作用下的减震吸能性能,为研究瓦斯爆炸冲击载荷对巷道系统安全性和稳定性提供依据。     

不同除险加固方案下病险水库渗流特性研究

为了给病险水库制定更加合理有效的除险加固方案.以某病险水库为研究对象,采用SEEP/W进行数值模拟,得出渗流量、出逸坡降、出逸流速、防渗墙底部渗透坡降,研究不同除险加固方案下水库的渗流特性.研究结果表明:未除险加固时,大坝渗流量、出逸坡降、出逸流速随着水位升高而增大;3种除险加固方案下,大坝渗流量、出逸坡降、出逸流速皆...     

旋/直复合流化对脱硫塔内粘壁问题的影响

采用激光相位多普勒颗粒分析仪(3D-PDA)测试了新型内旋/直复合流化方式下循环流化床烟气脱硫塔内与粘壁有关的气-液-固三相参数,试验证明:旋/直复合流化能够提高塔中下部特别是近壁处的气固切向速度及气固间相对切向滑移速度,增强扰动,同时提高脱硫塔中下部特别是近壁处的固体颗粒浓度,有利于促进液滴或含湿颗粒的高效利用和快速干燥,减轻粘壁;旋/直复合流化下液滴在塔内的分布变化也证明旋流风对促进液滴干燥、减轻粘壁的积极作用;旋流风量的增加对近壁处液滴的干燥速度及固体颗粒浓度的影响表明,旋流风量占总流量的16%左右合适。     

基于Fluent的闭合环型缺氧反应器构造优化

为提高闭合环型缺氧反应器混合效果,选用基于Fluent软件的三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对闭合环型缺氧反应器进行流场模拟,以池底可能淤积面积比例作为混合效果的评价标准,分别从导流直墙长度、导流墙偏心距离及水下推进器偏置等3个方面对缺氧池的系统构造的最优设置进行研究。结果显示,在相同推进器功率下,导流直墙长度2.0 m为佳,导流墙偏心距离0.5 m为佳,推进器向内偏置0.5 m为佳。该研究方法及其结果可以作为闭合环型缺氧反应器的设计依据,具有较佳的技术参考价值。     

Investigation on the Chemical Structure of Nonextractable Residues of the Fungicide Cyprodinil in Spring Wheat Using 13C-C1-Phenyl-Cyprodinil on 13C-Depleted Plants—An Alternative Approach to Investigate Nonextractable Residues

Abstract

¹³C-labelled cyprodinil was applied on ¹³C-depleted wheat plants with 27-fold field application rate. A control experiment applying same amounts of ¹⁴C-cyprodinil showed that main portions of the residues were detected in the cellulose (15% NER), hemicellulose (28.3% NER), and lignin fraction (23.3% NER). 16.7% were detected in water soluble polymers, 6% in both, pectin and protein fraction, and 4% in the starch containing fraction. Free cyprodinil was detectable by TLC in all fractions except lignin. A direct characterization of the residues in vivo by CP-MAS was not successful. Cell wall fractions were further analysed by liquid state NMR to determine the structure of the mobilized highly polymer/polar residues: Within lignin, where most of the residues were located at field application rate, neither intact cyprodinil nor its metabolites could not be detected. The ¹³C-label introduced was probably incorporated in the polymer as natural lignin monomers and thus are not considered as bound residues according to IUPAC definition.     

Use of wastes derived from earthquakes for the production of concrete masonry partition wall blocks

Utilization of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes as recycled aggregates in the production of concrete and concrete products have attracted much attention in recent years. However, the presence of large quantities of crushed clay brick in some the C&D waste streams (e.g. waste derived collapsed masonry buildings after an earthquake) renders the recycled aggregates unsuitable for high grade use. One possibility is to make use of the low grade recycled aggregates for concrete block production. In this paper, we report the results of a comprehensive study to assess the feasibility of using crushed clay brick as coarse and fine aggregates in concrete masonry block production. The effects of the content of crushed coarse and fine clay brick aggregates (CBA) on the mechanical properties of non-structural concrete block were quantified. From the experimental test results, it was observed that incorporating the crushed clay brick aggregates had a significant influence on the properties of blocks. The hardened density and drying shrinkage of the block specimens decreased with an increase in CBA content. The use of CBA increased the water absorption of block specimens. The results suggested that the amount of crushed clay brick to be used in concrete masonry blocks should be controlled at less than 25% (coarse aggregate) and within 50-75% for fine aggregates.