温拌沥青混合料环境与经济效益分析

为了研究温拌沥青混合料相比热拌沥青混合料产生的环境与经济效益,不仅对它们在拌和与摊铺过程中产生的有害气体排放量的检测数据进行了对比分析,还引用计算CO2排放量的回归方程对沥青混合料在不同生产温度时的CO2排放量进行了计算分析。结果表明:在沥青路面工程中应用温拌沥青混合料具有明显的环境与经济效益。在对我国2009年用于公路建设的沥青消耗量带来的燃料消耗与废气排放量进行计算分析后,认为推广应用温拌沥青混合料对国家公路的绿色建设以及经济的可持续发展都有着重要意义。     

Asphalt fractions in airborne particles from highway traffic and the accumulation in plants

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Toxic responses of different organs following occupational exposure to sub-threshold limit value levels of paving asphalt fumes

The main purpose of this study was to ascertain whether occupational exposure to asphalt fumes, under normal working conditions, is associated with any hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, or hematotoxic response. This was a cross-sectional study in which 210 subjects (80 exposed and 130 reference subjects) were investigated. Using standard methods, atmospheric concentrations of total particulate and benzene-soluble fractions of asphalt fumes were measured. Additionally, urine and blood samples were taken from subjects for complete blood count, white blood cell differential test, urinalysis, and routine biochemical tests of kidney and liver function. Both groups were similar as far as their demographic variables and smoking habits were concerned. The levels of exposure to total particulate and benzene-soluble fractions were estimated to be 0.9?±?0.2 and 0.32?±?0.09 mg m^?3, respectively (mean?±?SD), both of which being lower than the existing threshold limit values. Statistically, significant associations between exposure to asphalt fumes and changes in most liver and kidney function tests and complete blood count parameters provided circumstantial evidence in favor of the notion that exposure to sub-threshold limit value levels of total particulate and benzene-soluble fractions is associated with early liver and kidney dysfunction as well as hematological disorders.     

Environmental impacts of different food waste resource technologies and the effects of energy mix

The environmental impacts of food waste management strategies and the effects of energy mix were evaluated using a life cycle assessment model, EASEWASTE. Three different strategies involving landfill, composting and combined digestion and composting as core technologies were investigated. The results indicate that the landfilling of food waste has an obvious impact on global warming, although the power recovery from landfill gas counteracts some of this. Food waste composting causes serious acidification (68.0 PE) and nutrient enrichment (76.9 PE) because of NH₃ and SO₂ emissions during decomposition. Using compost on farmland, which can marginally reduce global warming (−1.7 PE), acidification (−0.8 PE), and ecotoxicity and human toxicity through fertilizer substitution, also leads to nutrient enrichment as neutralization of emissions from N loss (27.6 PE) and substitution (−12.8 PE). A combined digestion and composting technology lessens the effects of acidification (−12.2 PE), nutrient enrichment (−5.7 PE), and global warming (−7.9 PE) mainly because energy is recovered efficiently, which decreases emissions including SO₂, Hg, NO_x, and fossil CO₂ during normal energy production. The change of energy mix by introducing more clean energy, which has marginal effects on the performance of composting strategy, results in apparently more loading to acidification and nutrient enrichment in the other two strategies. These are mainly because the recovered energy can avoid fewer emissions than before due to the lower background values in power generation. These results provide quantitative evidence for technical selection and pollution control in food waste management.     

Persistence and Dissipation of Readymix Formulations of Insecticides In/On Okra Fruits

Dissipation behaviour of ready mix polytrin C 44EC (profenophos 40% + cypermethrin 4%) and spark 36EC (triazophos 35%+.deltamethrin 1%) applied at 1 L/ha in okra crop during Kharif in year 2000 was studied at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment. Dissipation on 7th day was found to be maximum (98.4%) for profenophos followed by triazophos (86.2%), cypermethrin (73.5%) and deltamethrin (55.7%). Half life (t1/2) values for the above insecticides were 1.35, 2.55, 4.11 and 7.60 days, respectively. All the insecticides followed a first order kinetics. Profenophos and triazophos followed a biphasic dissipation pattern with faster dissipation in phase I (0–1 days) and manifesting slower rate of dissipation in phase II (1–7 days).     

深圳妈湾电厂温排水海洋生态影响回顾性评价

沿海地区电厂温排水在物理、化学、生物等方面对附近海域温度造成的影响越来越受到人们的关注。本文采用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的方法,确定电厂温排水的影响范围,模拟受纳水域的温升分布,评价温排水对海洋生态环境的影响程度,以期为近海海域热污染防治提供技术依据。     

乡村旅游地生态系统安全评估研究——以岷江上游干温河谷区为例

以岷江上游干温河谷乡村旅游生态系统为研究对象,根据“压力一状态一响应”模型原理,运用构建的乡村旅游生态系统安全评估体系,在确定系统不安全指数和评价指标权重的基础上,评价乡村旅游生态系统的不安全度。研究表明,在羌族乡村旅游发展过程中,生态系统质量、生物物种质量、森林覆盖率等指标成为岷江上游干温河谷系统安全的重要限制因素,而生态建设能力和环境保护意识成为生态安全响应能力的主要限制因素。研究不仅为岷江干温河谷生态环境的人文治理途径提供借鉴,也将为震后羌族区域经济恢复与持续发展提供决策指导。     

三江源地区极端气候事件演变事实及其成因探究

利用三江源地区14个气象台站1962-2005年逐日气温、降水资料分析了该地区冷暖干湿极端气候事件的演变规律，探讨了其变化成因。研究表明：近44a来三江源地区气温等级由冷向暖转变，极端高温事件频繁发生，而极端低温事件则逐年减少，致使气温不断向着更高的均值状态持续增暖；尽管降水量干湿变化不甚显著，但降水的极端状况即严重干旱或暴雨事件均呈减少趋势，降水量的变化趋于稳定，降水变率减小；地形对极端气温、降水事件频次变幅的空间分布均有着较为显著的影响，且对后者的影响更为显著；高原季风、厄尔尼诺事件及高原积雪等因子的年际振荡是三江源地区极端气候事件发生频次波动的主要原因。     

Petroleum contaminated soil in Oman: Evaluation of bioremediation treatment and potential for reuse in hot asphalt mix concrete

This paper presents a study that aims at evaluating the leaching characteristics of petroleum contaminated soils as well as their application in hot mix asphalt concrete. Soil samples are environmentally characterized in terms of their total heavy metals and hydrocarbon compounds and leachability. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) present in the PCS before and after treatment was determined to be 6.8% and 5.3% by dry weight, indicating a reduction of 1% in the TPH of PCS due to the current treatment employed. Results of the total heavy metal analysis on soils indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals are lower when extraction of the soil samples is carried out using hexane in comparison to TCE. The results show that the clean soils present in the vicinity of contaminated sites contain heavy metals in the following decreasing order: nickel (Ni), followed by chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V). The current treatment practice employed for remediation of the contaminated soil reduces the concentrations of nickel and chromium, but increases the concentrations of all remaining heavy metals.     

沥青固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的实验研究

对利用沥青固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的处理效果进行了实验研究.探讨了沥青与飞灰以不同比例混合对飞灰重金属Pb,Cr,Cd,Ni,Cu,Zn固化效果的影响.并对沥青与飞灰的质量比(mAS mFA,其中AS代表沥青,FA代表飞灰)为0 2时作了进一步的研究,在此基础上加入不同比例的添加剂S和NaOH.结果表明,在沥青与飞灰的混合物中再加适当比例的添加剂,对飞灰的固化效果大大提高.