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Effects of ground-level ozone (O3) pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat in the Yangtze River Delta 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
Effects of elevated O3 on the yields of rice and winter wheat were studied by using open-top chambers(OTCs).Results showed that compared to the control treatment,200 ppb,100ppb,50ppb treatments caused a 80.4%,58.6%and 10.5% decrease in grain yields per winter wheat plant and a 49.1%,26.1% and 8.2% decrease in grain yield per rice plant,respectively.According to the dose-response relation educed from OTCs experiment and the monitor data of O3 concentrations in spots,it was estimated that the yield losses of rice and winter wheat resulted by O3 pollution in the Yangtze River Delta region in 1999 were 0.599 million ton and 0.669 million ton,economic losses were 0.539 billion RMB Yuan and 0.936 billion RMB Yuan,respectively. 相似文献
293.
冬季净化湖水的效果与机理 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
为了做到全年改善饮用水水质,需要研究在冬季怎样有效净化水质的问题为此,在太湖重富营养化水域进行了人工生态系统工程改进试验.结果表明,采用若干措施后,能大大地改善水质;滞留时间<2d时,工程内净化效果不明显;滞留时间延至7d左右时,水质指标能改善50%-80%;工程内水质净化的机理为高等水生植物及其共生细菌的共同作用,使人工生态系统工程成为抵抗环境变化的稳定生态系统,使水质变化处于良性循环;而滞留时间<2d或在人工生态系统工程外,水质变化处于恶性循环 相似文献
294.
近年来生态环境部和北京市不断加严降尘量控制指标,为了掌握降尘量中离子沉降量特征及其来源,采用过滤法和离子色谱法分别测定北京市核心区冬春季降尘量及离子沉降量,采用PMF模型开展离子沉降量来源解析.结果表明:(1)离子沉降量及其在降尘量中占比平均值分别为0.87 t·(km2·30 d)-1和14.2%,工作日降尘量和离子沉降量分别是休息日的1.3倍和0.7倍.(2)离子沉降量与降水量、相对湿度、温度和平均风速的线性方程可决系数分别为0.54、 0.16、 0.15和0.02,离子沉降量与PM2.5浓度和降尘量的线性方程可决系数分别为0.26和0.17,控制PM2.5浓度对控制离子沉降量非常重要.(3)离子沉降量中阴、阳离子分别占61.6%和38.4%,SO2-4、 NO-3和NH+4合计占60.6%;阴阳离子电荷沉降量比值为0.70,降尘呈碱性;离子沉降量中ρ(NO 相似文献
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296.
Seasonal snow is among the most important factors governing the ecology of many terrestrial ecosystems, but rising global temperatures are changing snow regimes and driving widespread declines in the depth and duration of snow cover. Loss of the insulating snow layer will fundamentally change the environment. Understanding how individuals, populations, and communities respond to different snow conditions is thus essential for predicting and managing future ecosystem change. We synthesized 365 studies that examined ecological responses to variation in winter snow conditions. This research encompasses a broad range of methods (experimental manipulations, measurement of natural snow gradients, and long-term monitoring), locations (35 countries), study organisms (plants, mammals, arthropods, birds, fish, lichen, and fungi), and response measures. Earlier snowmelt was consistently associated with advanced spring phenology in plants, mammals, and arthropods. Reduced snow depth often increased mortality or physical injury in plants, although there were few clear effects on animals. Neither snow depth nor snowmelt timing had clear or consistent directional effects on body size of animals or biomass of plants. However, because 96% of studies were from the northern hemisphere, the generality of these trends across ecosystems and localities is also unclear. We identified substantial research gaps for several taxonomic groups and response types; research on wintertime responses was notably scarce. Future research should prioritize examination of the mechanisms underlying responses to changing snow conditions and the consequences of those responses for seasonally snow-covered ecosystems. 相似文献
297.