铜与锌对香樟、广玉兰及榉树生理生化特性的复合影响

为了解土壤中铜（Cu）与锌（Zn）对不同乔木抗氧化系统的复合影响及植物生态修复土壤cu和Zn复合污染的生理生化基础,以香樟（Cinnamomumcamphora）、广玉兰（Magnolia grandiflora）和榉树（Zelkovaschneideriana）3种乔木为实验材料,采用土培盆栽方法,研究单-Cu2＋（75mg·L-1）溶液和单一Zn2＋（210mg·L-1）溶液及两者复合溶液污灌对香樟、广玉兰和榉树叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量、脯氨酸（Pro）含量、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的动态影响。结果表明,Zn2＋／t~用下3种乔木MDA含量升高,Cu2＋作用下MDA含量降低,Zn2＋和Cu2＋复合作用下3种乔木MDA含量低于Zn2＋作用,即210mg-L。Zn2＋对3种乔木生长的毒害作用比75mg·L。Cu2＋明显,两者复合作用使Zn2＋的伤害作用减轻。随胁迫时间延长,香樟POD和CAT活性增加,MDA含量和Pro含量减少。广玉兰细胞活性氧代谢失衡,POD活性和CAT活性急剧上升,第7天时分别达到1243．89％和300．00％（单一Cu2＋’）、149．22％和60．00％（单一Zn2＋）、653．96％和170．00％（Cu2＋和Zn2＋复合作用）。榉树无法承受高浓度Cu2＋和Zn2＋伤害而死亡。综合考虑,Zn2＋对3种乔木伤害严重,Cu2＋在诱导POD和CAT活性过程中与zn2＋存在拮抗作用,香樟对重金属Cu2＋和zn2＋的耐性最强。     

污染场地河道底泥浸出液对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性效应

为了评价某污染场地河道底泥对水生生物的毒性效应及其潜在生态风险,以斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)为受试生物,进行了河道底泥浸出液对斑马鱼胚胎的发育毒性实验。结果表明,5种底泥浸出液(A1、A2、A3、A4、A5)对斑马鱼胚胎的发育均有毒性效应,浸出液对斑马鱼胚胎的死亡率存在一定的剂量-效应关系,随着浸出液体积分数的增加,死亡率显著上升。浸出液对胚胎孵化抑制作用明显,随着浸出液体积分数的增加,孵化率显著下降。且能引起斑马鱼胚胎多种中毒症状,如水肿,鱼体弯曲,发育不全等异常现象,表明该段河道底泥存在潜在的生态风险。因此,在后期的污染场地河道整治中,需对河道底泥进行挖掘清理和无害化处理。     

伏牛山阻隔作用下水热因子、土地覆被与NPP的时空特征

作为秦岭山脉的东延余脉,伏牛山山地效应研究意义重大。文章基于ArcGIS9.3空间分析功能,对伏牛山南北两侧的水热因子、土地覆被和净初级生产力时空格局变化进行了对比分析,结果表明：北坡极端低温和均温明显低于南坡（-2.88℃和-1.7℃）、极端高温明显高于南坡（+1.35℃）,而年降水量北坡则比南坡低14.41%;伏牛山北坡部分常绿针叶林转换为落叶阔叶林,2001—2004年间的落叶阔叶林面积比重分别为：52.4%、55.2%、63.0%和70.9%;2001—2004年间的净初级生产力有增大趋势,尤其是东部区域。研究结论丰富了秦岭-伏牛山作为主要气候区和生态区分界线的理论依据,同时也丰富了山地生态学理论。     

有机紫外防晒剂内分泌干扰效应研究进展

有机紫外防晒剂是一类新兴环境污染物,大量研究表明,部分有机紫外防晒剂能模拟生物体内多种激素的作用,干扰动物和人体正常的内分泌功能,造成严重的健康威胁.本文在大量文献调研的基础上,从个体水平、器官水平、细胞水平和分子水平4个层次,就有机紫外防晒剂对生殖系统、青春期发育、成活率、pS2蛋白、卵黄蛋白原及激素受体等多方面的影响进行了综述,以加深对紫外防晒剂的认识,也为紫外防晒剂的正确使用及相关部门对其进行科学管理提供参考.     

Predicting species distributions from samples collected along roadsides

Predictive models of species distributions are typically developed with data collected along roads. Roadside sampling may provide a biased (nonrandom) sample; however, it is currently unknown whether roadside sampling limits the accuracy of predictions generated by species distribution models. We tested whether roadside sampling affects the accuracy of predictions generated by species distribution models by using a prospective sampling strategy designed specifically to address this issue. We built models from roadside data and validated model predictions at paired locations on unpaved roads and 200 m away from roads (off road), spatially and temporally independent from the data used for model building. We predicted species distributions of 15 bird species on the basis of point-count data from a landbird monitoring program in Montana and Idaho (U.S.A.). We used hierarchical occupancy models to account for imperfect detection. We expected predictions of species distributions derived from roadside-sampling data would be less accurate when validated with data from off-road sampling than when it was validated with data from roadside sampling and that model accuracy would be differentially affected by whether species were generalists, associated with edges, or associated with interior forest. Model performance measures (kappa, area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic plot, and true skill statistic) did not differ between model predictions of roadside and off-road distributions of species. Furthermore, performance measures did not differ among edge, generalist, and interior species, despite a difference in vegetation structure along roadsides and off road and that 2 of the 15 species were more likely to occur along roadsides. If the range of environmental gradients is surveyed in roadside-sampling efforts, our results suggest that surveys along unpaved roads can be a valuable, unbiased source of information for species distribution models.     

广东省自然物候对气候变暖的响应

利用广东省气象观测网14个观测站点1982年以来自然物候观测资料和气温资料,对广东省近30年木本植物木棉、苦楝和动物蚱蝉物候在气候变暖过程中的变化进行分析。结果表明：近30年广东省木本植物、动物春季物候期明显提前,植物、动物春季物候期的提前与推迟对温度的上升与下降的响应是非线性的。木本植物春季物候期、动物春季物候期分别与2—3月平均温度、3—4月平均温度有明显的负相关。动物春季物候期与物候期间〉10℃有效积温也有明显的负相关。预估到2020年我省木本植物春季物候期、动物春季物候期将分别提前2.9、2.2 d。     

Mobile phone use while driving: Predicting drivers’ answering intentions and compensatory decisions

The current study considered, for the first time, compensatory decisions within the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to explain why people use mobile phones while driving. The effects of age, gender, and mobile phone mode on respondents’ answering intentions and compensatory decisions were mainly examined. A series of questions were administered to 333 drivers (ages 25-59), which included (1) demographic measures, (2) scales that measured prior mobile use activities in both driving and ordinary contexts, (3) a question to measure drivers’ perceptions of the safety of hands-free phones, and (4) TPB measures, which measured answer intention and two compensatory behavioural decisions (i.e., reminding the caller that he/she is driving, limiting the length of a conversations (including perceived its limits)), along with predictive variables. Drivers reported a moderate likelihood of answering intention and a strong tendency to engage in the two compensatory behaviours. Answering intention and compensatory decisions, perceived behavioural control, perceived risk, and usage frequency were more dependent on mobile phone mode and age group than gender. The regression models explained 64% and 67% of the variance in answering intention in the handheld and hands-free scenario separately. Attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural risk and control (PBRC), and prior answering behaviour emerged as common predictors. The predictive models explained 31% and 37% of the variance for perceived limits of a conversation length in handheld and hands-free scenarios, respectively. Answering intention and PBRC consistently predicted most of the variance (handheld: 28%; hands-free: 32%) for this compensatory perception limits. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.     

黄磷冷凝塔气-液两相流场数值模拟

以计算流体力学(CFD)为基础,在三维坐标系下采用κ-ε标准湍流模型、传热模型求解流场温度及速度,采用Lagrange模型追踪粒子轨迹,对冷凝塔内流场情况进行分析。结果表明,不同高度气体的速度、温度分布均不相同,喷淋水使气体的分布情况变得更为复杂。在塔内气体温度与速度变化趋势相同,水滴的运动受气体流动影响。模拟结果对黄磷冷凝塔的改进有一定的参考价值。     

高温矿井回采工作面湿球温度的应用

利用回归分析的方法计算出湿空气焓值的湿球温度表达式,进而导出回采工作面热平衡方程的湿球温度表达式和风流的热交换方程。由于干球温度指标评价矿井气候条件具有片面性,引出了回采工作面进风临界湿球温度的概念。通过分析,得出回采工作面的进风临界湿球温度为25℃较为合适的结论。当回采工作面进风湿球温度低于25℃时,适量增加风量有利于工作面降温,当大于25℃时,增加风量对工作面降温反而有害。     

安全生产违章行为的人口因素影响模型研究——基于省级面板数据的协整方法

为了探讨人口因素对安全生产违章行为的影响,基于省级面板数据,构建安全生产违章行为数量与作业人员人口因素之间的固定效应变系数模型。实证研究,从业者的受教育程度、第二产业在岗职工平均工资以及人员数量规模等因素,影响违章行为方式及程度。结果表明:受教育程度的提高将显著抑制违章行为的发生;提高作业人员工资将增加违章行为的成本进而遏制违章行为的产生,但这一效果会受到作业人员所持有的风险态度的影响;作业人员规模的增加将提高工伤事故率。建议从提供受培训教育机会、提高违章成本、降低第二产业比重、减少高危行业作业人员数量等方面采取措施遏制违章行为。