抚顺石化公司硫磺回收装置的扩建和改造

抚顺石化分公司石油三厂原有硫磺回收装置的处理能力已经不能满足生产的需要,2002年对硫磺回收装置进行了扩建和改造。该装置采用了一段高温转化、二级催化转化的克劳斯工艺,采用揝SR敾乖?吸收工艺处理尾气。扩能改造后,新增的尾气处理能力与硫磺回收能力相配套,排放的废气符合国家现行的环保标准。该装置工艺路线合理、可靠,硫回收率高。     

Significant developments in sustainable development law and governance: A proposal

This article develops a practical proposal for progress on sustainable development law. It examines the prospects for an international sustainable development law to provide a framework for more effective, coherent governance. Sustainable development law is briefly defined and an analytical framework is provided. Different degrees of integration between economic, social and environmental law are described. Certain principles of international law related to sustainable development are also highlighted. It is argued that these principles may serve to guide law‐makers and jurists where social, economic and environmental law and policy conflict or overlap. Continuing, underlying questions of sustainable development governance are addressed and its global frameworks analysed. The article also focuses on the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg in August‐September 2002, and its specific mandate for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) to take related legal developments into account. The article advances a proposal: that governments, economic, social and environmental intergovernmental organizations and other actors establish a ‘network of inquiry’ with members from relevant groups, including legal and academic organizations, and other expert groups, in order to follow, research, analyse and debate legal developments in a balanced way.     

CO2-free paper?

Black liquor gasification–combined cycle (BLGCC) is a new technology that has the potential to increase electricity production of a chemical pulping mill. Increased electricity generation in combination with the potential to use biomass (e.g. bark, hog fuel) more efficiently can result in increased power output compared to the conventional Tomlinson-boiler. Because the BLGCC enables an integrated pulp and paper mill to produce excess power, it can offset electricity produced by power plants. This may lead to reduction of the net-CO₂ emissions. The impact of BLGCC to offset CO₂ emissions from the pulp and paper industry is studied. We focus on two different plant designs and compare the situation in Sweden and the US. The CO₂ emissions are studied as function of the share of recycled fibre used to make the paper. The study shows that under specific conditions the production of “CO₂-free paper” is possible. First, energy efficiency in pulp and paper mills needs to be improved to allow the export of sufficient power to offset emissions from fossil fuels used in boilers and other equipment. Secondly, the net-CO₂ emission per ton of paper depends strongly on the emission reduction credits for electricity export, and hence on the country or grid to which the paper mill is connected. Thirdly, supplemental use of biomass to replace fossil fuel inputs is important to reduce the overall emissions of the pulp and paper industry.     

MODELING THE IMPACT OF MULTICOMPONENT VOCs ON GROUND WATER USING THE STEFAN‐MAXWELL EQUATION1

ABSTRACT: Computer programs that model the fate and transport of organic contaminants through porous media typically use Fick's first law to calculate vapor phase diffusion. Fick's first law, however, is limited to the case of a single, dilute species diffusing into a stagnant, high concentration, bulk vapor phase. When dealing with more than one diffusing species and at higher concentrations, the multicomponent coupling effects on vapor phase diffusion and advection of the various constituents become significant. VLEACH, a one‐dimensional finite difference model developed for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), is typical of the models using Fick's first law to model vapor‐phase diffusion. The VLEACH model was modified to accommodate up to 10 components and to calculate the binary diffusion coefficients for each of the components based on molecular weight, molecular volume, temperature and pressure, and to address the coupling effects on multiple component vapor phase diffusion and its impact on ground water. The resulting model was renamed MC‐CHEMSOIL. At low vapor phase concentrations, MC‐CHEMSOIL predicts identical ground water impacts (dissolved phase loading) to those from VLEACH 2.2a. At higher vapor phase concentrations, however, the relative difference between the models exceeded 20 percent.     

烟花爆竹生产安全问题探析

烟花爆竹生产由于行业的特殊性，危险性很大。近年来，烟花爆竹安全生产形势严峻，事故频发，危害严重。笔者在调查研究的基础上，分析了烟花爆竹生产的危险性以及引发事故的主要原因。着重讨论了烟花爆竹安全生产的可行性途径，强调提高准入门槛，严格安全生产许可证的核发；加大监督管理力度，严格规章制度的落实；发展地方经济，从根本上防止非法生产；并通过对湖南浏阳花炮生产安全管理的分析，探讨安全文化建设在烟花爆竹这一高危行业的作用，认为烟花爆竹行业要发展，要尽可能减少事故的发生，一定要注重安全管理，注重企业安全文化建设，注重提高从业人员的安全文化素质。     

复杂矿井通风系统角联风路自动识别方法的研究

角联风路的识别与稳定性分析是矿井通风系统稳定性与可靠性分析理论中的核心内容之一。笔者对通风系统角联风路进行了深入的研究;分析了通路法的局限性,简化了角联风路的数学模型,提出了快速、准确、灵活的角联风路自动识别的新方法——节点位置法;编写了角联风路自动识别软件,并应用现场数据进行测试,将其结果与通路法的结果进行了比较分析;证明了节点位置法是切实可行的。     

中美煤矿安全比较与借鉴

中国和美国都是煤炭生产和消费大国,但是中国的煤矿安全却与美国存在巨大差距。笔者首先从两国历年来煤矿安全数据分析入手,认为:美国煤矿安全经历了严重恶化、小幅波动和安全稳定3个阶段;而中国的煤矿经历了改革开放前大起大落和其后的小幅波动两个阶段,迄今为止,还没有进入安全稳定时期。然后从法规、监察、采矿权、安全投入、矿工及工会、教育及培训、科技进步等7个方面对两国的煤矿安全进行了比较。最后,借鉴美国进入第3阶段的成功经验,提出一些改善中国煤矿安全的相应对策建议,如完善法规、加强监管、明晰采矿权、设立安全投入预算资金、改善矿工的弱势地位、加强教育与培训、依靠科技进步等。     

燃煤锅炉脱硫工艺浅谈

简述了燃煤锅炉常用烟气脱硫方法和烟气脱硫工艺选择原则，介绍一种简易脱硫工艺。     

非法用工单位伤亡人员一次性赔偿程序的探讨

2004年1月1日生效的《工伤保险条例》规定了非法用工单位向伤亡人员赔偿的标准和争议解决的程序，但是非法用工单位不属于法律上合法的主体，劳动仲裁机关和法院不能对不存在的主体作出裁定和判决，就算作出裁判，也不可能得到执行，从而使得该条例规定的对非法用工单位伤亡人员的赔偿成为一纸空文。为此，笔者从劳动争议和诉讼主体认定，程序保障和伤亡人员及时得到救助三个方面提出建议，以确保条例得到执行。     

关于综放开采技术安全问题的几点认识

本文从放顶煤开采的一次采高大、上覆岩层的活动范围大、破碎顶煤的存在等基本特征出发,论述了关于放顶煤开采中瓦斯、顶板和冲击地压等安全问题.放顶煤开采对有些安全问题可以缓解,比如工作面的瓦斯突出.但是也可能诱发一些安全问题,如坚硬顶板对支架的冲击、采空区垮落岩石的撞击与摩擦诱发瓦斯事故等.在放顶煤大面积推广应用的同时,更应重视其相应的安全问题的系统研究与解决.