切割钢渣活化过硫酸盐降解偶氮类染料酸性红73

切割钢渣是钢铁生产过程中的固体废弃物,如何有效处理和利用这些废渣具有减少环境污染、实现废物资源化的重要意义.本文选择河北邢台钢铁厂中切割钢渣为过硫酸盐(PS)活化剂,活化过硫酸盐(PS)去除水相中偶氮染料酸性红73(AR73),实验表明,25 mg·L~(-1) AR73在15 min内,其降解率为99.9%,TOC矿化率达58.6%.同时考察了钢渣投入量、PS浓度、初始pH值等影响因素对AR73降解效率的影响:随着PS浓度、钢渣投入量的增加,AR73的降解速率也逐渐增加;在pH为3～9时,AR73均可被有效去除,酸性条件更有利于AR73的去除.活性自由基猝灭实验表明,酸性红73的降解是通过自由基和非自由基两种机制实现的,且钢渣可多次回收重复利用.钢渣活化PS技术,还可有效去除蒽醌类染料(活性蓝19),其去除率为99.9%,矿化率可达92.0%;同时该技术对某印染废水(COD_(Cr)=5625 mg·L~(-1))的去除率达49.9%.本文所构建的切割钢渣活化过硫酸盐(PS)技术可应用于偶氮印染废水的处理,实现"以废治废"的目标.     

乙草胺、铜污染共存对土壤甲胺磷蚯蚓降解过程的影响研究

为揭示利用蚯蚓活动强化甲胺磷降解的可行性,采用了微宇宙培养方法,通过有蚯蚓和无蚯蚓的对比实验,考察了乙草胺和铜分别与甲胺磷共存条件下污染黑土中甲胺磷降解过程的动态变化.结果表明,无论是否加入蚯蚓,甲胺磷单一污染的土壤中甲胺磷的降解符合一级反应动力学规律;蚯蚓活动能促进甲胺磷降解过程的进行.土壤中乙草胺或铜与甲胺磷共存时,均明显地干扰了甲胺磷降解过程随时间的动态变化;根据化学结构分析,推测两者对甲胺磷降解规律的影响机制可能类似.铜与甲胺磷复合污染的土壤中甲胺磷含量明显高于乙草胺与甲胺磷复合组,说明铜较乙草胺对土壤甲胺磷降解过程的延缓作用更强.     

城市生活垃圾现状与治理动态

主要阐述了我国城市生活垃圾的现状、现有处理城市生活垃圾的几种方法,并就治理趋势进行探讨。     

In-situ-reduced synthesis of cyano group modified g-C3N4/CaCO3 composite with highly enhanced photocatalytic activity for nicotine elimination

Graphite carbon nitride has many excellent properties as a two-dimensional semiconductor material so that it has a wide application prospect in the field of photocatalysis. However, the traditional problems such as high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers limit its application. In this work, we introduce nitrogen deficiency into g-C₃N₄ to solve this problem a simple and safe in-situ reduction method. g-C₃N₄/CaCO₃ was obtained by a simple and safe one-step calcination method with industrial-grade micron particles CaCO₃. Cyano group modification was in-situ reduced during the thermal polymerization process, which would change the internal electronic structure of g-C₃N₄. The successful combination of g-C₃N₄ and CaCO₃ and the introduction of cyanide have been proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The formation of the cyano group, an electron-absorbing group, promotes the effective separation of photogenic electron hole pairs and inhibits the recombination of photogenic carriers. These advantages result in the generation of more •O₂⁻ and ¹O₂ in the catalytic system, which increases the photocatalytic efficiency of nicotine degradation by ten times. Furthermore, the degradation process of nicotine has been studied in this work to provide a basis for the degradation of nicotine organic pollutants in the air.     

用废催化剂作原料制CIM油脂氢化催化剂

介绍用废油脂氢化催化剂作原料,回收Cu2+-Ni2+液,再用此液作原料制CIM油脂氢化催化剂的工艺流程和制作方法。结果表明:其所制成的CIM催化剂的性能与用工业硫酸铜和硫酸镍为原料制的CIM催化剂的性能相同。     

利用废渣废碱液年产3000t粒状五水偏硅酸钠工艺初步设计

介绍以铝矾土提取硫酸铝废渣和氧氯化锆副产废碱液为原料生产泡花碱 ,然后利用一次造粒法生产五水偏硅酸钠新工艺确定影响产品质量指标工艺因素。小试试验产品质量指标达到HG/T2 5 6 8- 94要求 ,工艺成本低 ,避免废碱液及废渣排放对环境的污染。     

Environmental impact of China''''s village and township industry(1988-1992): a comparison with urban industry

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＶｉｌａｇｅａｎｄｔｏｗｎｓｈｉｐｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ（ＶＴＩ）ｉｓｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．Ｉｎ１９９２，ＶＴＩｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ...     

Upgrading of organic waste: production of the copolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate by Ralstonia eutrophus with organic waste as sole carbon source

Two types of fermented organic waste (trade and industry waste and fruit and vegetable waste) were successfully used as a sole carbon source to produce poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) by Ralstonia eutrophus (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) via oxygen limitation.The production of PHBV could be optimized by optimizing the oxygen transfer through the fermentor. Thereby, a peak concentration of 1.1 g PHBV per liter cell suspension, 40 w% of cell dry weight, was obtained at an aeration rate of 0.24 mol O₂/h·kg biomass. The yield of PHBV on the fatty acid concentration in the organic waste was 0.16 g polymer/g volatile organic matter. The process obtained, compares well with the commercial production process of PHBV based on glucose.     

射流曝气SBR技术在屠宰废水治理中的应用

介绍了应用射流曝气和序列间歇式活性污泥（ＳＢＲ）治理屠宰废水的工程实例。半年多的运行情况表明，该系统具有很好操作性和稳定性，当系统污水排放量或有机负荷发生较大波动时，有较好的缓冲适应能力，并能保证整个系统稳定达标。     

废水处理实用公式的推导计算

介绍由一级动力学模式推导废水处理实用公式。文中探讨了２０℃降解速率系数Ｋ２０和温度修正系数θ，仅是某种水质和生化条件下的对应值，不能任意通用。