鄂东鸭儿湖地区大气中有机氯农药特征及土-气交换

采用聚氨酯泡沫-被动采样法（PUF-PAS）采集鸭儿湖地区大气样,研究典型污染源地区大气中有机氯农药（OCPs）组成、来源及土-气交换现状。鸭儿湖地区大气中OCPs主要组成为艾氏剂（Aldrin）、滴滴涕（DDTs）、六六六（HCHs）、六氯苯（HCB）、甲氧滴滴涕（Methoxychlor）和a-硫丹（α-Endosulfan）,约占OCPs总量的84%。较高浓度Aldrin（平均浓度为161.25 pg/m³）广泛存在应引起高度重视。HCHs（平均浓度为89.64 pg/m³）和DDTs（平均浓度为92.29 pg/m³）普遍存在且含量高,污染程度比较明显。HCHs异构体中β-HCH高于α-HCH,远远高于γ-HCH和δ-HCH,说明HCHs经过长期降解已逐渐稳定下来;来源分析推测存在工业HCHs的使用或者受大气长距离传输影响。DDTs在各点位分布明显不同于HCHs,且各点位DDTs的六种组成均存在很大差别,可能由于点位地理位置以及农药使用情况导致;来源分析推测大气中DDTs主要来自历史残留。鸭儿湖地区OCPs土气交换研究表明,HCHs主要表现为从大气向土壤中沉降;DDTs在大多数点位源于土壤中历史残留的挥发,部分点位受到大气长距离传输影响。     

高灵敏XRF测定废水中痕量砷

本文提出了在硫酸介质中，以锌粒还原产生氢化物，溴化铜溶液吸收，微孔滤膜过滤制成薄样，Ｘ射线荧光测定水中痕量砷的分析方法。     

Induction of cytochrome P4501A and endocrine disrupting effects of school incinerator residues

The emission of the dioxin-like compounds from on-site waste incinerators of seven schools in Kyonggi Province of Korea was evaluated by determination of the cytochrome P4501A(CYP1A) catalytic activity and antiestrogenic activity using cell culturemicrobioassay. The residue samples were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus using toluene for 20 hr. The concentrated crude extractswere fractionated with a basic alumina column. Dioxin-like compounds were then extracted. Induction of CYP1A activity in a rat(H4IIE) hepatoma cell line was used as indicator of biologicaleffect of incinerator residues and measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) activities. The EROD activities of fraction II extracts (one of the two extracts) in the H4IIE cells were from 0.044±0.002 to 4.424±0.351 ng-TEQ g^-1 (TCDD Toxicity equivalent), showing relatively high inducing capacity. Antisetrogenicity of the extracts was measured as decrease in E₂-induced cell proliferation. Most of the extracts showed antiestrogenic activity in MCF7-BUS cell.The TEQ levels of the incinerator residues and the antiestrogenicactivities were in good correlation, strongly suggesting that thepotent toxic emissions were indeed produced from the on-site school waste semi-incinerators and could cause the antiestrogenicity.     

C OD在线分析仪比对中应注意的问题

分析了COD在线分析仪和实验室比对结果人为差异的原因是样品不均匀,在线分析仪取样装置滤过,取样层面和采样方式以及沉淀消除的方法不同造成的.提出应在相同的地点、层面和同一容器取样,用相同沉淀消除方法去除样品中氯离子干扰,保证两方法比对中使用水样的一致均匀,使测试结果正确可信.     

Environmental Impact Assessment of the Mining and Concentration Activities in the Kola Peninsula, Russia by Multidate Remote Sensing

On the Kola Peninsula, the mining and concentration industry exerts anthropogenic impact on the environment. Tailing dumps cause airborne pollution through dusting, and waterborne pollution due to direct dumping and accidental releases. The objectives were: (1) to analyse multidate satellite imagesfor 1964–1996 to assess the environmental pollution from themining and concentration activity in the Kola in temporal perspective; (2) to evaluate remote sensing methods for integrated environmental impact assessment. The area of mining and industrial sites steadily expands and amounted to 94 km² in 1996. The polluted water surface amounted to at least 150 km² through dumping in 1978 and to 106 km² in1986 due to dusting. Thus, the impact from the mining and concentration activity should be reconsidered as more significant than it was officially anticipated. In the past the main mechanism of pollution wasdirect dumping into the lakes. Currently and in future, airborne pollution after dusting storms will dominate. The effective recultivation of the tailing dumps will be a long-term process. For effective assessment of impacts from the mining and concentration industry, remote sensing methods should be complemented by in-situ measurements, fieldwork, and mathematical modelling.     

炉排型城市生活垃圾焚烧炉排气中二

选择四种规模不同的炉排型生活垃圾焚烧炉,分别对其排放烟气中的二     

农业土壤危险废物污染的风险管理

从环境风险管理出发,探讨危险废物对农业土壤污染的途径,提出土壤危险废物污染的风险管理内容和方法,初步建立辽宁省农业土壤危险废物污染的预警指标体系。     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

猪场粪便微生物处理技术研究

猪场粪便是重要污染源，但又是一类尚未充分利用的资源。采用生态工程与资源化综合技术处理猪场粪便，固态粪经堆肥发酵后转化成优质有机肥，粪水经厌氧产沼、光合细菌液肥化、水生植物氧化塘多级处理和资源化利用，出水可达排放标准，为猪场粪便的处置提供了一种可供选用的技术。     

硫代磷酸二乙酯加热水解的研究

在二升高压釜中,氮气氛条件下研究了有机磷农药废水的主要污染物质——硫代磷酸二乙酯(浓度为100ppm)的水解动力学.运用气相色谱法,在pH2—4,温度140—190℃范围,得到不同条件下的一级反应速率常数k,获得pH、温度与反应速率常数的关系,并对硫化磷酸二乙酯的水解条件进行了讨论.