Waste minimization and its ecological evaluation A case study in printed circuit board manufacture

The printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturers face several problems regarding the waste they generate. In Austria, a detailed study for waste minimization was carried out with three PCB manufacturers and one electroplating company. In this project a lot of ecologically and economically effective options were found and implemented. The ecological evaluation of processes is still an unsolved problem. Several evaluation models are tested on selected processes of the project.     

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的水质特性

对垃圾填埋场渗滤液的主要有机污染物、水质影响因素及水质特性进行了较系统的分析     

微孔膜生物反应器在港口含油洗涤废水处理工程中的应用

介绍了微孔膜生物反应器在港口含油洗涤废水处理工程中的应用，进行了设计参数的选取、工程设计和运行效果分析，设计污水处理量为30.0m^3/d。运行结果表明，微孔膜生物反应器具有运行效果稳定、抗冲击负荷能力强、硝化能力强、操作运行简便等优点。     

正己烷萃取—此外分光光度法测定矿井水中微量油

在进行矿井水中油类分析时，用正己烷作为萃取剂，以工作曲线代替标准曲线，从而使油平均回收率增加到96％以上。并在正己烷用量、水样预处理等测试参数选择上做了条件试验。     

Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake:A 5-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions.However,it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity.To elucidate relationships between them,in a eutrophic shallow lake,Taihu Lake,relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity.The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus(TP)played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons(i.e.temperature in winter,spring and summer; TP in spring,summer and autumn); COD(chemical oxygen demand)and BOD(biological oxygen demand)presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring,summer and autumn.However,a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn,and conversely negative ones in summer.As the predatory factor,zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season.Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were observed between phytoplankton biomass and pH,Trans(transparency of water)and DO.The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity,which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability,and hence,advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

刍议排污权价格的合理界定

排污权交易在中国的试点过程中,显现了强大的生命力,然而,由于对排污权交易基础理论理解的偏差,导致了实践层面上的缺陷,如排污权初始分配是否应该有偿的问题;排污权商品再分配价格应不应该包括正的外部效应价值问题;在排污权交易制度改革与中国其他制度的改革(现行税制改革、绿色GDP的推行)进行中出现的不协调的问题.     

一个耐受镉毒害的拟南芥突变体的筛选

从甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变获得的拟南芥M2代群体(Columbia型)中筛选获得一个耐受镉Cd2 毒害能力显著增强的拟南芥突变体(命名为cdr1-1).遗传分析表明,该突变性状为隐性单基因突变,与野生型相比,cdr1-1突变体在不同发育时期均能耐受Cd2 毒害,且其对Cd2 的积累能力也显著高于野生型.此外,还发现cdr1-1突变体体内的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平显著高于野生型,用GSH合成抑制剂丁硫氨酸亚矾胺处理cdr1-1突变体,导致其耐受Cd2 毒害能力显著下降,几乎接近野生型水平,表明cdr1-1突变体对Cd2 的耐受性至少部分依赖于GSH介导的途径.     

我国中水回用现状及对策

我国水资源短缺问题日益严重，从长远发展来看，中水回用作为一项保护环境、节约资源的措施，将有力地促进城市的可持续发展和加速生态城市的建设。中水回用是解决我国水资源危机的有效途径之一。     

汉江下游突发“水华”的调查研究

对１９９２年春汉江下游水体暴发“水华”进行了调查研究，对“水华”的特征，产生的原因以及对策，建议等进行了分析、探讨。结果表明，其直接原因是以小环藻为主的硅藻的急剧增殖造成的。