有机溶剂中温法溶出光伏组件封装材料乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯

采用有机溶剂邻二氯苯中温法溶出模拟光伏组件的封装材料乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA),探究了不同条件下EVA的溶出率及模拟组件的分离率,通过正交实验确定了有机溶剂中温法处理EVA的最佳条件.实验结果表明,在反应温度160℃、固液比(光伏组件个数与邻二氯苯体积之比,个/mL)4:100、搅拌转速800 r/min、反应时间24...     

粤北地区干旱监测及预警方法研究

从农业生产实际出发,引入能够判断作物受旱程度的毛管破裂含水量、凋萎含水量等土壤含水量指标来确定干旱指标,根据土壤水分平衡理论,建立干旱监测预警模型,利用自动站气象资料和降水趋势预报对干旱情况进行判别和分析,并采用Surfer软件对干旱情况进行直观的图形显示.     

干旱区2种猪毛菜萌发过程对水盐胁迫的生态响应

在实验室内模拟研究的基础上,运用生理生态学的原理,研究了水盐胁迫对钠猪毛菜(salsola nitraria)和散枝猪毛菜(salsola brachiata)种子萌发的影响,结果显示,钠猪毛菜与散枝猪毛菜种子萌发的最适温度分别为25 ℃和15 ℃.在盐溶液和PEG溶液中,2种种子的萌发规律相似,即随着水势的降低,萌发率和萌发速率下降.在盐胁迫下钠猪毛菜和散枝猪毛菜种子萌发的最低水势接近-7.2 MPa;在水分胁迫下2种种子萌发的最低水势均未超过-2.0 MPa,其中,钠猪毛菜种子表现出较强的耐水分胁迫能力.在相同水势条件下,PEG对2种猪毛菜种子萌发的抑制程度显著大于等渗NaCl,说明渗透胁迫是影响2种植物种子萌发的主要因素.     

新民市柳河水源地水环境健康风险评价

为了评价新民柳河水源地的供水安全,简要介绍水环境健康风险评价基本方法的基础上,建立了水环境健康风险评价模式.研究结果表明:①柳河水源地地面水基因毒物质为优先控制污染物;而地下水应着力控制躯体毒物质.②对于基因毒物质,监测断面优先控制污染物为As和Cr;而对于躯体毒物质,所有监测断面的优先控制污染物均为氨.③在所有监测断面中,柳河上断面等6处有毒污染物所致健康危害的个人年总风险数量级为10-5-10-4.在日后的管理过程中,应对这6处加大治理力度.④目前环境健康风险评价还没有包括在常规环境评价工作中,建议在今后的评价工作中应该逐步开展这方面的工作,以提高供水安全.     

水环境质量评价3种方法的应用对比

从众多水质评价方法中选取单项指数法、加权均值型指数法、模糊数学法进行介绍,并通过运用这3种方法对大汶河某年监测数据的平均值进行评价.经对比分析发现,加权均值型指数法是一种比较实用的水质评价方法,模糊数学法可以作为必要的补充.     

清江高坝洲津洋口防护区水环境污染治理

介绍了湖北省清江高坝洲津洋口防护区的概况,对津洋口防护区水环境污染现状进行了分析和调查研究,同时得出了防护区的主要污染为工业废水污染.计算了津洋口防护区丹水河的水环境容量,并据此提出水环境污染治理方案.     

基于无人机多传感吊舱系统的火点实时定位方法

林火定位是林火智能监测设备的核心技术。提出了一种基于激光雷达、红外热像仪及组合惯导多数据融合的火点定位方法。首先设计了一个通用的无人机吊舱系统,并基于ROS框架实现数据采集、数据处理和数据传输等功能;其次提出了一个基于无人机吊舱系统的火点全局定位方案,根据红外热像仪成像特性识别火点,同时将密集点云与红外图像进行数据融合,估计出火点的三维空间位置;然后根据无人机位姿提出了一种基于墨卡托投影的火点全局定位方案,得到了火点的GPS位置。最后通过试验得到了该方案的全局定位精度：在实验中经度最大误差为2.36×10^-5°,纬度最大误差为1.84×10^-5°,高程最大误差为0.926 1 m,为其他林火定位方案提供了技术支持。     

Improvement of an efficient separation method for chemicals in diesel exhaust particles: analysis for nitrophenols

GOAL, SCOPE, AND BACKGROUND: Diesel exhaust is believed to consist of thousands of organic constituents and is a major cause of urban pollution. We recently reported that a systematic separation procedure involving successive solvent extractions, followed by repeated column chromatography, resulted in the isolation of vasodilatory active nitrophenols. These findings indicated that the estimation of the amount of nitrophenols in the environment is important to evaluate their effect on human health. The isolation procedure, however, involved successive solvent extractions followed by tedious, repeated chromatography, resulting in poor fractionation and in a significant loss of accuracy and reliability. Therefore, it was crucial to develop an alternative, efficient, and reliable analytical method. Here, we describe a facile and efficient acid-base extraction procedure for the analysis of nitrophenols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) were collected from the exhaust of a 4JB1-type engine (ISUZU Automobile Co., Tokyo, Japan). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed with a GCMS-QP2010 instrument (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). RESULTS: A solution of DEP in 1-butanol was extracted with aqueous NaOH to afford a nitrophenol-rich oily extract. The resulting oil was methylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane and subsequently subjected to GC-MS analysis, revealing that 4-nitrophenol, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol, and 4-nitro-3-phenylphenol were present in significantly higher concentrations than those reported previously. DISCUSSION: Simple acid-base extraction followed by the direct analysis of the resulting extract by GC-MS gave only broad peaks of nitrophenols with a poor detection limit, while the GC-MS analysis of the sample pretreated with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane gave satisfactorily clear chromatograms with sharp peaks and with a significantly lowered detection limit (0.5 ng/ml, approximately 100 times). CONCLUSION: The present method involving an acid-base extraction, in situ derivatization, and GC-MS analysis has shown to be a simple, efficient, and reliable method for the isolation and identification of the chemical substances in DEP.     

内置转盘式PVDF膜生物反应器污水处理的试验研究

对内置转盘式PVDF膜生物反应器(SRMBR)处理污水工艺及膜清洗进行了研究.SRMBR处理污水可以长期稳定运行,在实验模拟污水COD为180～368 mg/L时,出水COD在运行1d后稳定在20 mg/L以内,COD去除率>93%.增大转盘式平板膜组件转速可以增大SRMBR的平衡水通量,转速从15 r/min增大到25 r/min,平衡水通量从42.5 L/(m2·h)增大到47.5L/(m2·h).在一定自吸泵停抽时间内(0～1 min),延长停抽时间有利于减缓膜污染、提高平衡水通量.对污染的膜进行水洗、水洗 碱洗、水洗 碱洗 酸洗,3种清洗方式分别使膜平衡水通量恢复至新膜平衡水通量的48.4%、83.5%、90.2%.     

亚超临界水技术在废旧尼龙6解聚中的应用

研究了尼龙6在亚超临界水中的解聚反应,以期为废旧尼龙6的回收利用提供技术参数.实验分别利用气质联用仪和紫外分光光度计对解聚后的液相产物进行定性和定量分析,并考察了不同的反应温度、反应压力和反应时间对液相产物收率的影响.结果表明,液相产物绝大部分为己内酰胺;解聚的最佳条件为370 ℃、25 MPa、60 min;己内酰胺最大收率为96%.通过动力学分析和Arrhenius关系计算,得出尼龙6亚超临界水解聚的活化能为64.4 kJ/mol.