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171.
L. Jeffrey Lefkoff Donald R. Kendall 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(3):451-463
ABSTRACT: A non-linear optimization model is applied to the California State Water Project (SWP) and portions of the Central Valley Project (CVP). The model accounts for the major hydrologic, regulatory, and operational features of both projects. The model maximizes long-term SWP yields over a 70-year period, using a quarterly time step. The potential for increased yield associated with a proposed facility improvement is evaluated with the model. The proposed facility is an extension of the Folsom-South Canal, which would allow water to be conveyed from the American River below Folsom Reservoir into New Melones Reservoir on the Stanislaus River or into the California Aqueduct. Model results indicate that extension of the Folsom-South Canal has the potential to increase SWP yields by 13 percent. 相似文献
172.
L. A. Kelly J. Stellwagen A. Bergheim 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(5):1017-1025
ABSTRACT: Recent studies suggest that waste generation from the freshwater phase of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) production varies considerably on an annual basis. A fish farm on the West Coast of Scotland was visited regularly during a two-year period to determine inflow and outflow water quality. Waste output budgets of suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN = NH3+NH4+), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total phosphorus (TP) were produced. The annual waste loadings obtained were 71 kg TN t fish?1 yr?1 (one year of data only), 10.9–11.1 kg TP t fish?1 yr?1, 1.2–2.1 kg DRP t fish?1 yr?1, 422–485 kg BOD5 t fish?1 yr?1, 327–337 kg SS t fish?1 yr?1, and 30–35 kg TAN-N t fish?1 yr?1. Simple linear regression models relating waste parameter production to water temperature and feeding regime were developed. When compared to existing data for other salmonid production systems, greater ranges of daily waste loadings were observed. Wide variations in concentrations of these parameters during a daily cycle were also observed, suggesting that mass balance estimates of waste production will provide more robust estimates of waste output than frequent monitoring of outflow water quality. 相似文献
173.
Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic Acid) and poly(ethylene/butylene Succinate) blends 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study, blends of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(ethylene/butylene succinate) (Bionolle) have been investigated
for their thermal and mechanical properties as a function of the concentration of Bionolle. Differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile tests were used to characterize the blends. From the results of the
DMA and DSC, it was found that this blend system was not miscible within the compositions studied. DSC results showed that
adding Bionolle aids in crystallization of PLA. It was observed that increasing the Bionolle concentration led to a slight
increase in the strain-at-break of the blends but a decrease in the Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Biaxially
oriented films showed an increase in tensile strength, modulus, and strain-at-break. 相似文献
174.
Synthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from hydrolyzed linseed oil 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Elena Casini Theo C. de Rijk Pieter de Waard Gerrit Eggink 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(3):153-158
Pseudomonas putida was grown on a mixture of long-chain fatty acids obtained by hydrolysis of linseed oil. A poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) containing
51.2% of unsaturated monomers was obtained. A considerable percentage (13.6%) was constituted by C14 and C16 monomers containing three double-bonds in the side chains. The polymer showed a high tendency to crosslink when it was kept
in presence of air. In the crosslinked polymer no polyunsaturated monomers could be detected. 相似文献
175.
Liang Chen Syed H. Imam Sherald H. Gordon Richard V. Greene 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(2):111-117
Starch-PVOH cast films were prepared with and without crosslinking agent (hexamethoxymethylmelamine) in the absence of plasticizer.
Moisture absorption in films without crosslinking agent at a low relative humidity was similar to that of PVOH and increased
as the relative humidity increased. Films with crosslinking agent showed moisture absorption linearly proportional to the
relative humidity. Significant improvement in resistance to water disintegration for crosslinked starch-PVOH films was observed.
While the tensile strength decreased with increased relative humidity, crosslinking significantly improved the tensile strength.
Increased PVOH content improved elongation of films even when the relative humidity was 80% or higher. Biodegradation studies
revealed that the degradation rate was negatively correlated with the PVOH content in films and crosslinking generated more
converged degradation curves.
Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard
of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also
be suitable. 相似文献
176.
通过对变流量冷冻水系统的分析指出,在运用平衡调温调湿方式的空调系统中,应用变流量冷冻水系统可以较大地节约能源和投资;并提出了实现这种应用的方法。 相似文献
177.
Nada Horvatinčić José Luis Briansó Bogomil Obelić Jadranka Barešić Ines Krajcar Bronić 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):475-485
The process of eutrophication in form of intense plant growth has been observed in some lakes and water streams at the Plitvice
Lakes National Park in central Croatia. Here we investigate whether this phenomenon is a consequence of anthropogenic pollution
or due to naturally produced organic matter in the lakes. We applied chemical analysis of water at two springs and four lakes
(nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), trace elements) and measurements of surface lake sediments (mineral and organic
fraction analyses, trace elements) in four different lakes/five sites. The chemical composition of water does not indicate
recent anthropogenic pollution of water because the concentrations of most trace elements are below detection limits. The
concentrations of DOC and nutrients are slightly higher in the area of increased eutrophication-plant growth. Also the content
of organic matter in the sediment is at the highest level in areas with highest C/N ratio indicating that the organic fraction of this sediment is mainly of terrestrial origin. There is no significant difference
among the trace element concentration in the upper segment of all cores, deposited approximately during last 50 years when
higher anthropogenic influence is expected due to development and touristic activity, and the lower part of the cores, corresponding
to the period approximately 100–200 years before present. The content of trace elements and organic matter in sediments decreases
from the uppermost lake downstream. According to our results there is no indication of recent anthropogenic pollution in water
and sediment. Higher concentrations of DOC in water as well as phosphorus and some other elements in the lake sediment can
be a consequence of input of natural organic matter to the lake water. 相似文献
178.
介绍了河北马头电厂废水处理工艺系统流程、设计及系统调试运行指标。处理后的电厂废水作为循环冷却水的补水,减少了新鲜水用量和污水排放量,对北方地区厂区废水回收利用具有借鉴意义,在火电厂废水资源利用方面有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
179.
介绍了河津发电厂目前的用水、排水情况及工业废水零排放实施方案,对方案实施后的效果进行了预测,同时对废水零排放实施后运行中可能出现的问题进行了分析并提出了建议。 相似文献
180.
针对仪化热电厂将循环水用作冲灰水,导致浓缩倍率只有1.6,以及凝汽器铜管腐蚀结垢严重等问题,提出了隔断循环水与冲灰水的直接联系,实现闲路循环,对凝汽器铜管进行酸洗,并对循环水实施加缓蚀阻垢荆、杀菌剂和旁流过滤等办法,全部实施后产生了很好的效益,值得借鉴。 相似文献