聚合氯化铝铁和粘土应急去除蓝藻的室外模拟研究

文章在开展PAFC去除淡水中的铜绿微囊藻影响因素的室内模拟研究基础上进行PAFC和粘土应急去除巢湖水中蓝藻的室外模拟研究。结果表明,在20 mg/L的絮凝剂用量下,聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)对巢湖水中蓝藻的沉降去除效果优于聚合氯化铝,达到97.7%。PAFC,PAFC和粘土(高岭石或海泡石)可以快速高效絮凝沉降巢湖水中的蓝藻,并且在30 d之内除藻率稳定地维持90.0%以上。同时探讨其对藻毒素释放抑制的影响,结果表明,加入PAFC和粘土(海泡石或高岭石)1 d后能有效地吸附水中的藻毒素,PAFC和海泡石组的吸附去除率大于PAFC和高岭石,且30 d内仍一直维持藻毒素浓度低于对照组。     

洱海水华蓝藻多样性初步研究

在对洱海水华藻类长期监测的基础上,报道了洱海水华蓝藻群落中的优势种类共计3属12种,并详细描述其形态特征,进一步讨论了近年来洱海藻类水华的发生特征和演替规律。     

大亚湾大鹏澳海域微表层浮游植物群落研究

为了解微表层中浮游植物群落的动态变化,于2007年5月～2008年4月对大亚湾大鹏澳海域微表层的浮游植物群落进行了调查和分析.共鉴定出浮游植物142种,其中以硅藻、甲藻为主,还有一些种类的蓝藻和红藻、褐藻等大型藻类的丝状幼体.浮游植物细胞数量在1.90×104～8.17×105/L之间,年均值为2.45×105L.该浮游植物群落由硅藻和蓝藻共同主导,细胞数量年均百分比含量分别为48.41%和42.14%,硅藻细胞数量在夏秋季节占绝对优势,冬季则以蓝藻占据优势地位.Shannon-Weaver多样性指数和均匀度均较高,年平均值分别为3.02、0.62.全年没有明显的季节变化规律.调查表明,一定种类和数量的蓝藻的出现是大亚湾微表层浮游植物的重要特征,在一定程度上标志着该海域水质的恶化.     

结合卫星遥感技术的太湖蓝藻水华形成风场特征

为进一步了解太湖蓝藻水华形成和分布与近地面风场的关系,利用太湖湖面及周边地区2003~2013年气象与卫星观测数据分析、并应用WRF3.5.1数值模型模拟,发现太湖蓝藻水华主要出现在卫星观测时刻前6h平均风速为0.5~3.4 m/s的区间,占比达94.7%;蓝藻水华面积总体上随风速增大而减小,大范围蓝藻水华主要出现在前6h平均风速≤2 m/s的情形下,占比达89%;风向则主要影响蓝藻水华在太湖的空间分布格局.结果表明局地风场对于太湖蓝藻水华的形成、输移和分布具有重要作用.     

Evidences showing 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron-induced DNA damage in cyanobacteria and detection by PCR

The impact of 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron in inducing DNA damage in three species of cyanobacteria-Anabaena fertilissima, Aulosira fertilissima, and Westiellopsis prolifica as evidenced by PCR-based assays: RAPD and 16S rRNA amplification was examined. Exposure of genomic DNA (in vitro) to pencycuron for 4 days did not produce severe damage in DNA fragments of all three cyanobacterial species whereas exposure to 2,4-D ethyl ester markedly inhibited the template activity of genomic DNA compared to untreated cultures of A. fertilissima. In A. fertilissima a single band of approximately 1000?bp was observed even after 16 days of exposure to 60?ppm pencycuron which suggests that certain segments of DNA are resistant to pencycuron DNA damaging effects. However, a significant effect was observed in the case of W. prolifica for 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron where complete disappearance of fragments was not recorded even after 16 days of incubation and interestingly some new DNA bands were induced. Similar to the effects with RAPD profile, amplification of rRNA was significantly inhibited following exposure of genomic DNA to 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron. Our findings clearly demonstrate that pesticide concentrations affected cyanobacterial DNA and lethality of these microbes might be due to irreversible DNA damage. Thus, it is postulated that PCR assays may be conveniently used for screening DNA damage produced by 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron in all three cyanobacteria examined in this study.     

淀山湖蓝藻碎屑的好氧降解和营养盐释放规律研究

收集淀山湖的水华蓝藻,经超声波处理后,研究死亡蓝藻的好氧降解及营养盐释放规律.结果表明,蓝藻细胞有机碳的矿化速率为9.415mg/(L×d),有机氮的氨化速率为0.441mg/(L×d),有机磷的降解速率为0.044mg/(L×d),好氧降解将会造成溶解态营养盐的大量释放,降解后硝态氮和正磷酸盐分别比初始值高4.22倍和4.20倍.     

蓝藻对重金属的生物吸附研究进展

生物吸附作为目前重金属废水处理中最有前途的方法之一,其吸附机理、吸附量影响因素、吸附模型、吸附工艺以及各种生物吸附剂的吸附特性等已被广泛研究。寻找对重金属具有特异性吸附与较强吸附能力的生物体是生物吸附领域的一个永恒课题。蓝藻是世界上分布最广的生物,本文较全面的介绍了蓝藻对重金属的吸附特性与基因工程在构建高吸附性能蓝藻方面的研究进展,并对生物吸附剂的开发应用前景作了展望。     

饮用水中蓝藻毒素污染研究进展

日趋严重的水体富营养化已成为全球性的环境问题，藻类及藻毒素给传统净水工艺带来了诸多不利影响，增加了水处理难度。对饮用水中蓝藻毒素去除技术进行了具体的论述，系统分析了各种技术的去除效果和局限性，并对藻毒素研究前景进行了展望。     

Pollutant toxicology with respect to microalgae and cyanobacteria

Microalgae and cyanobacteria are fundamental components of aquatic ecosystems. Pollution in aquatic environment is a worldwide problem. Toxicological research on microalgae and cyanobacteria can help to establish a solid foundation for aquatic ecotoxicological assessments. Algae and cyanobacteria occupy a large proportion of the biomass in aquatic environments; thus, their toxicological responses have been investigated extensively. However, the depth of toxic mechanisms and breadth of toxicological investigations need to be improved. While existing pollutants are being discharged into the environment daily, new ones are also being produced continuously. As a result, the phenomenon of water pollution has become unprecedentedly complex. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on five kinds of aquatic pollutants, namely, metals, nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Further, we present information on emerging pollutants such as graphene, microplastics, and ionic liquids. Efforts in studying the toxicological effects of pollutants on microalgae and cyanobacteria must be increased in order to better predict the potential risks posed by these materials to aquatic ecosystems as well as human health.     

加压混凝沉淀对蓝藻水处理中消毒副产物的控制

为了降低蓝藻水处理中消毒副产物的产生,采用物理加压法取代传统化学氧化法进行预处理,从而减少新的化学物质的产生,降低消毒副产物风险,实验对比研究了加压混凝沉淀和预氧化混凝沉淀除藻工艺中消毒副产物及其前驱物的浓度。结果表明,经0.7 MPa加压1 min后混凝沉淀处理,藻类去除率达到95.8%,浊度0.58 NTU,均比原水混凝沉淀和预氧化混凝沉淀后效果大幅度提高。蓝藻水加压后三卤甲烷前驱物降低26.2%,卤乙酸前驱物无变化,混凝沉淀处理后前驱物比原水混凝沉淀后略有减少。加压水过滤消毒后消毒副产物与原水处理后持平。而经1~2 mg/L的Na Cl O预氧化水混凝沉淀过滤消毒后,三卤甲烷和卤乙酸浓度分别比原水处理后增加了3~4倍和1.7~2.5倍。加压混凝沉淀工艺处理蓝藻水,比传统预氧化工艺更有效控制了消毒副产物的产生。