三峡水库香溪河库湾夏季蓝藻水华成因研究

为探讨香溪河夏季蓝藻水华发生过程及主要影响因素,于2010年7月19日~8月30日在蓝藻水华暴发区域开展持续监测,并对水华过程进行分析.结果表明,水华持续25d,自7月23日暴发,8月16日逐渐消退,藻密度最高达到108.03′106cells/L,优势藻种为鱼腥藻(Anabaena);自身悬浮机制、固氮机制、能够产生藻毒素抑制其他藻类生长,是鱼腥藻成为优势藻种的主要原因;充足的营养物质、显著的水体分层是水华暴发的必要条件,水华期间蓝藻对硝氮利用显著;在具备充足的营养盐的稳定水体中,水温持续升高、混合层与真光层比值的降低是诱发蓝藻水华的关键因子,并且在混合层与真光层比值为0.5时对蓝藻增殖影响最大.     

浅水型湖泊蓝藻水华预警监测工作的思考

浅水型湖泊的富营养化进程不断加快,呈现出蓝藻水华暴发现象是逐年增加的。太湖作为长江中下游地区典型的浅水型湖泊更因近年来蓝藻水华频发的态势引起了政府和社会的广泛关注。为确保太湖地区饮水安全,提高政府应对蓝藻水华的能力,对太湖蓝藻水华进行预警监测是判断其发展趋势以及制定相应对策的重要手段。着力分析和总结了太湖蓝藻水华预警监测工作的主要内容,从预警监测工作的统筹、预警监测体系的建立、技术分析、预警监测的启动、分级与评价、预警信息的发布、预警监测的终止到预警监测的保障机制等,以利于同行们更好地应对浅水型湖泊蓝藻水华的发生。     

蓝藻死亡分解过程中胶体态磷、氮、有机碳的释放

从太湖采集蓝藻,通过室内培养观测了其死亡分解过程.用切向流超滤技术获取水中胶体物质,定期监测水样的胶体态、颗粒态、真溶解态及离子态磷、氮、有机碳含量.结果表明,在蓝藻死亡分解过程中,水体胶体态磷、氮、有机碳和颗粒态磷、氮含量均显著升高,胶体态磷(CP)、胶体态氮(CN)、胶体态有机碳(COC)含量分别达到培养用水相应初始含量的5倍、9倍和5倍.说明蓝藻的分解会释放出大量胶体态和颗粒态营养盐.总结出了水华蓝藻死亡分解过程释放营养盐的概念模型.     

淡水水体中微囊藻毒素的监测技术

随着水体富营养化的日益加剧 ,有毒蓝藻水华在世界范围内频繁发生。有毒蓝藻产生的毒素对人类和动物有潜在的危害 ,迫切要求对水体中特别是饮用水源中的蓝藻毒素进行监测。微囊藻毒素是蓝藻产生的一类环状七肽 ,可以抑制蛋白磷酸酶 1和 2 A。微量微囊藻毒素还促进肿瘤的发生。简要介绍了近年来发展起来的几类微囊藻毒素监测技术 ,以期引起有关部门的重视     

Nitrogen versus phosphorus limitation in a subtropical coastal embayment (Moreton Bay; Australia): Implications for management

An approach combining nutrient budgets, dynamic modelling, and field observations of phytoplankton and nitrogen (N₂)-fixing Lyngbya majuscula following changes in wastewater N loads, was used to demonstrate that Moreton Bay is potentially phosphorus (P) limited. Modelling and nutrient budgeting shows that benthic N-fixation loads are high, allowing the system to overcome any potential N-limitation. Phytoplankton biomass has shown little change from 1991 to 2006 in the sections of Moreton Bay most impacted by wastewater effluents, despite a large reduction in wastewater N loads from 2000 to 2002. This is consistent with modelling that also showed no reduction in primary productivity associated with reduced N loads. Most importantly, there have been rapid increases in the occurrence of N-fixing L. majuscula in Moreton Bay as wastewater P loads have increased relative to wastewater N loads. This is also consistent with modelling. This work supports the premise that there may be fundamental differences in nutrient limitation of primary production between subtropical and temperate coastal systems due to differences in the importance of internal nitrogen sources and sinks (N-fixation and denitrification). These differences need to be recognised for optimum management of coastal systems.     

沼泽红假单胞菌在蓝藻基质中的生长潜势和碳氮磷利用

为同步高效利用废弃蓝藻和产出活性光合细菌,研究了蓝藻基质中沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonaspalustris）的生长潜势和碳氮磷转化规律.结果表明,温度30℃,光照2000lx,蓝藻浓度>0.87g/L,即可促进R.palustris PUF1生长;蓝藻浓度3g/L,培养108h,PUF1OD₆₅₀虽低于ATYP培养基,但细菌叶绿素a（Bchl a）浓度与ATYP基质相当,表明蓝藻基质可能促进了PUF1光合色素的合成.在细菌对数期后期补加小分子有机酸显著促进蓝藻基质中PUF1再生长,252,444h OD₆₅₀分别是培养108h的191.75%和269.24%,Bchl a分别是108h的206.68%和276.17%.444h蓝藻基质中OD₆₅₀和Bchl a分别是ATYP基质中的130.88%和160.62%,表明长期培养条件下应用天然蓝藻基质更适宜活性PUF1培育.通过分析干物质和藻液中的碳氮磷含量和浓度发现,蓝藻基质中可供给PUF1直接利用的溶解性碳氮磷浓度不平衡,表现为氮充足,碳少量,磷限制.提高蓝藻基质中生物可利用碳浓度对强化光合细菌生长和碳氮磷利用具有重要意义.     

Environmental factors influencing cyanobacteria community structure in Dongping Lake, China

The present study was conducted to provide a detailed understanding of the variation in cyanobacterial communities of Dongping Lake, which is the final water volume adjusting and storing lake in the east route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. The spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacteria was assessed from May 2010 to October 2012 based on monthly samples collected from three stations. Over the 30-month survey, 15 genera and 25 species of cyanobacteria were identified, with cyanobacterial abundance at each monitoring station ranging from undetected to 3.04×107 cells/L, average of 4.27×106 cells/L. The dominant cyanobacterial species were Pseudanabaena limnetica and Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi and not the usual bloom-forming genera such as Microcystis and Anabaena. Cyanobacterial community structure and water quality variables exhibited substantial changes over the period of survey. Redundancy analysis, Pearson correlations, and regression analysis were applied to analyze the relationships among the variables. The results suggested that temperature and chemical oxygen demand were key drivers of the cyanobacterial community composition in Dongping Lake. In addition, the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in the lake had a profound efect on the cyanobacterial abundance as a non-limiting factor in warm periods.     

聚合氯化铝铁和粘土应急去除蓝藻的室外模拟研究

文章在开展PAFC去除淡水中的铜绿微囊藻影响因素的室内模拟研究基础上进行PAFC和粘土应急去除巢湖水中蓝藻的室外模拟研究。结果表明,在20 mg/L的絮凝剂用量下,聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)对巢湖水中蓝藻的沉降去除效果优于聚合氯化铝,达到97.7%。PAFC,PAFC和粘土(高岭石或海泡石)可以快速高效絮凝沉降巢湖水中的蓝藻,并且在30 d之内除藻率稳定地维持90.0%以上。同时探讨其对藻毒素释放抑制的影响,结果表明,加入PAFC和粘土(海泡石或高岭石)1 d后能有效地吸附水中的藻毒素,PAFC和海泡石组的吸附去除率大于PAFC和高岭石,且30 d内仍一直维持藻毒素浓度低于对照组。     

金属营养元素与蓝藻的相互作用研究进展

水体富营养化所引起的蓝藻水华对自然环境及人类社会产生诸多不良影响,通过控制并降低水体中营养物质的浓度相对于其他措施更能有效地降低蓝藻水华的发生程度。在此以金属营养元素为重点,讨论了金属营养元素在蓝藻新陈代谢过程中的作用,综述了蓝藻与金属营养元素间相互作用:蓝藻可改变水体中金属营养元素的含量和分布,而金属营养元素的种类及含量变化也可影响到蓝藻的数量、种类与分布。调研了国内地表水体中金属营养元素的监控现状,建议政府部门加强金属营养元素的监控,以期为蓝藻的监控预警及重金属污染治理等工作开拓新的思路。     

沼泽红假单胞菌在蓝藻基质中的生长潜势和碳氮磷利用

为同步高效利用废弃蓝藻和产出活性光合细菌,研究了蓝藻基质中沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonaspalustris）的生长潜势和碳氮磷转化规律.结果表明,温度30℃,光照2000lx,蓝藻浓度>0.87g/L,即可促进R.palustris PUF1生长;蓝藻浓度3g/L,培养108h,PUF1OD₆₅₀虽低于ATYP培养基,但细菌叶绿素a（Bchl a）浓度与ATYP基质相当,表明蓝藻基质可能促进了PUF1光合色素的合成.在细菌对数期后期补加小分子有机酸显著促进蓝藻基质中PUF1再生长,252,444h OD₆₅₀分别是培养108h的191.75%和269.24%,Bchl a分别是108h的206.68%和276.17%.444h蓝藻基质中OD₆₅₀和Bchl a分别是ATYP基质中的130.88%和160.62%,表明长期培养条件下应用天然蓝藻基质更适宜活性PUF1培育.通过分析干物质和藻液中的碳氮磷含量和浓度发现,蓝藻基质中可供给PUF1直接利用的溶解性碳氮磷浓度不平衡,表现为氮充足,碳少量,磷限制.提高蓝藻基质中生物可利用碳浓度对强化光合细菌生长和碳氮磷利用具有重要意义.