石油焦超细粉碎工艺中的脉冲袋式除尘器试验

利用超细粉碎分级设备,分别测试粉碎工艺中除尘器在不同过滤面积、过滤风速、入口粉尘浓度时,喷吹后的除尘器阻力、过滤风速、喷吹时的除尘器阻力波动情况;测试脉冲宽度对喷吹后除尘器阻力和喷吹时除尘器阻力波动的影响。结果表明:由于石油焦的轻质和黏附性特性,过滤风速不应超过2.17 m/min,考虑到除尘效率和经济效益,最好控制在1.3 m/min以内;除尘器入口粉尘浓度的高低对喷吹后除尘器阻力和喷吹时除尘器阻力波动均存在较大影响,入口粉尘浓度低时,阻力和阻力波动都较小;脉冲宽度对喷吹后除尘器阻力和喷吹时除尘器阻力波动有一定影响,该实验系统最佳脉冲宽度为0.08 s。     

洱海冬季水鸟群落结构与水位变化的潜在关系

水深是影响水鸟栖息地利用最重要的因素,而湿地的水位波动会导致水深发生变化。为研究水位波动对水深岸陡型高原湖泊冬季水鸟群落的影响,本研究以云南大理洱海为研究地点,在水位下降前后,即2014年和2017年的冬季(11月至次年1月)对洱海北部湖湾5个观察点各进行10次和8次水鸟统计调查,结果 2014年冬季共记录到22个物种,11 611只个体;2017年冬季共记录到30个物种,17 278只个体。对比涉禽、钻水鸭、潜水类三类功能集团的变化,发现水位下降后钻水鸭和潜水类的物种丰富度和多度都有所增加,而涉禽的物种丰富度不变,多度下降,这一结果与浅水滩地型湿地的响应变化规律不同。6种钻水鸭2017年冬季同时在洱海出现,说明可能为共同的环境因素所吸引。研究结果说明水位下降是洱海钻水鸭类物种丰富度和多度增加的必要条件。     

矿山不同片区土壤中Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu和As的污染特征

根据某典型有色金属矿山生产过程的污染状况,将受污染的矿区土壤分为尾矿污染区、坑道废水污染区、污风降尘污染区和精矿运输污染区4种类型.选择该矿区受污染土壤样本28个,用等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)等方法分析了土壤重金属含量和形态特征.结果表明,该矿区土壤重金属Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu和As污染较为严重,土壤Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu和As平均含量分别达508.6mg·kg^-1、384.8mg·kg^-1、7.53mg·kg^-1、356mg·kg^-1 和44.6mg·kg^-1.不同片区间存在明显差别,污染强度以尾矿污染区最高,内梅罗综合指数为173,其次是精矿运输污染区和坑道废水污染区,污风降尘污染区污染较轻;各片区土壤的重金属元素以残余态为主,有机结合态比例最小,不同元素之间、不同片区土壤之间各形态所占比例差别不大.     

The release of nitrous oxide from the intertidal zones of two European estuaries in response to increased ammonium and nitrate loading

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) release and denitrification rates were investigated from the intertidal saltmarsh and mudflats of two European river estuaries, the Couesnon in Normandy, France and the Torridge in Devon, UK. Sediment cores and water were collected from each study site and incubated for 72 h in tidal simulation chambers. Gas samples were collected at 6 and 12 h intervals from the chambers during incubation. From these N₂O emission rates were calculated. The greatest rates for both N₂O production and denitrification were measured from saltmarsh cores. These were 1032 mol N₂O m^–2 day^–1 and 2518 mol N₂ m^–2 day^–1, respectively, from the Couesnon and 109 mol N₂O m^–2 day^–1 and 303 mol N₂ m^–2 day^–1 from the Torridge. A strong positive correlation was apparent with N₂O emission rates and ammonium concentration in the sediment, nitrate concentration in floodwater and sediment aerobicity.     

Simplified planning zones — a reaction to the proposals

The Government has recently published Lifting the Burden which includes the proposed legislation on Simplified Planning Zones. This paper, based on recently undertaken research, specifically considers the reaction of a sample of local authorities and private agencies to the proposals.     

长江产业带开发区现状特点与发展前景

长江产业带开发区处于超常规发展期，以工业开发为主导，开发水平不断提高，地区之间发展不平衡。开发区总方向应坚持以工业、外贸、出口为主的方针，以浦东为龙头，发挥地区优势，加快发展外向型经济，推动长江产业带经济发展。开发区大体划分为六种类型：工业加工型、高新技术产业型、贸易型、工业港口型、综合型和度假型     

The continuing progress of the enterprise zone experiment: a note as to recent evidence

The latest evidence relating to the enterprise zone experiment in Britain is provided in a recent report published by the Department of the Environment. The note analyses this evidence to provide an indication of the scale of economic activity taking place within the zones. The note suggests that the simplified planning regime of the enterprise zones actually plays a relatively minor role in facilitating economic change and concludes that more detailed evidence is required in order to achieve a full understanding of the effects of enterprise zones.     

The Role of Ground Water in Generating Streamflow in Headwater Areas and in Maintaining Base Flow1

Abstract: The volume and sustainability of streamflow from headwaters to downstream reaches commonly depend on contributions from ground water. Streams that begin in extensive aquifers generally have a stable point of origin and substantial discharge in their headwaters. In contrast, streams that begin as discharge from rocks or sediments having low permeability have a point of origin that moves up and down the channel seasonally, have small incipient discharge, and commonly go dry. Nearly all streams need to have some contribution from ground water in order to provide reliable habitat for aquatic organisms. Natural processes and human activities can have a substantial effect on the flow of streams between their headwaters and downstream reaches. Streams lose water to ground water when and where their head is higher than the contiguous water table. Although very common in arid regions, loss of stream water to ground water also is relatively common in humid regions. Evaporation, as well as transpiration from riparian vegetation, causing ground‐water levels to decline also can cause loss of stream water. Human withdrawal of ground water commonly causes streamflow to decline, and in some regions has caused streams to cease flowing.     

Mixing Zone Characterization of Two Transition Terrain Streams With Tracers1

Abstract: For most wastewater discharges to streams, the effluent creates a plume that becomes less distinct as it mixes with the receiving water. Constant‐discharge tracer studies were used to characterize the plume or physical mixing zone (PMZ) at two similar transition terrain streams. At both sites, the laterally unmixed PMZs did not extend across the entire stream and mixing occurred relatively quickly. The observed plumes were significantly smaller than the regulatory mixing zone (RMZ) allowed by the State of Colorado. At Site 1 mixing occurred within a much shorter distance due to the presence of a riffle zone located a few meters downstream of the discharge point. Interpretation of field data with an analytical model suggests that the effective transverse dispersion coefficient (k_z) for the riffle zone at Site 1 (～1 m²/s) was significantly higher than the average value over the longer nonriffle section at Site 2 (～0.01 m²/s). These results imply that to achieve the fastest mixing in transition terrain streams, thereby minimizing the size of the PMZ, discharge outfalls should be located upstream and close to riffle zones.     

区域环境噪声达标区建设浅析

环境噪声达标区建设是环境噪声污染防治从单项点源治理走向面源综合治理,从定性管理走向定量管理的一项有效措施。介绍了大连市金州区环境保护局率先采用网格法开展区域环境噪声达标区创建工作,工程面积达20km^2,并通过专家鉴定验收。环境噪声达标区的建设为加速城市环境噪声污染综合整治,提高区域声环境质量打下良好的基础。