兔子宫内膜蛋白等电聚焦电泳柱状胶与板状胶电泳效果的比较

哺乳动物早期胚胎发育过程中，胚泡附植的成功与否对早期胚胎的发育十分重要．为了有效地弄清胚泡附植的分子机制，本研究从分析蛋白质的一种生化技术-等电聚焦电泳着手，利用兔子宫内膜蛋白作为实验材料，探讨了柱状胶与板状胶等电聚焦电泳分离蛋白质的电泳效果．研究结果表明：在相同情况下，柱状胶与板状胶的蛋白质分布有一些差别，pH梯度分布也不一致；板状胶比柱状胶pH值分布宽、蛋白质谱带多、分辨率高；板状胶酸性端只有1—2cm没有蛋白带、蛋白带分布比较均匀且压得比较紧．这说明在用子宫内膜作为实验材料进行电泳时用板状胶进行电泳的结果较好．     

厌氧发酵过程pH对微生物多样性和产物分布的影响

采用PCR-DGGE技术,研究了不同pH条件下蔬菜类有机垃圾厌氧发酵过程中的微生物多样性,探讨了微生物群落结构与发酵产物分布的关系.Shannon指数分析表明,pH=7和pH=8时的微生物多样性较高,随时间变化规律相似,而pH=5时的微生物多样性较低.UPGMA聚类分析和PCA分析结果也表明,pH=7和pH=8时的微生物群落结构相似,pH=5与之显著不同.在不同pH条件下的优势菌属都是乳酸细菌和梭菌。微生物多样性的变化与发酵产物分布具有一定相关性,pH通过影响微生物群落结构的变化最终影响发酵产物的分布.图4表2参27     

Bacterial community structure analyses to assess pollution of water and sediments in the Lake Shkodra/Skadar, Balkan Peninsula

- Goal, Scope, Background. Lake Skadar is the largest lake in Balkan Peninsula, located on the Montenegro-Albanian border. The unique features of the lake and wide range of endemic and rare or endangered plant and animal species resulted in the classification of the Skadar as a wetland site of international significance. In spite of its importance the Lake is influenced by inflowing waters from river Morača and other regional rivers contaminated by the industry, municipal and agricultural activities in the area. Therefore, the Lake has been subject of various physical, chemical, biological and toxicological examinations. However, community-level analyses are most relevant to assess the effect of stressors on aquatic ecosystems. In the present study bacterial community structure among differently polluted sites of the lake was compared by genetic fingerprinting technique. Methods Water and sediment samples were collected from five differently polluted sampling sites on the Lake Skadar in spring and autumn of the same year. The bacterial community structure in the samples was characterized and compared by temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE) analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results and Discussion The TTGE analysis resulted in many distinguishable and reproducible band patterns, allowing reliable comparison of bacterial communities among sampling sites. Results on the bacterial community structure revealed that three of the selected locations can be considered as sites that have not shown any pollution degradation determined by our method, due to similar structure of bacterial community in the sediment samples. On the other hand, significant shifts in bacterial community structure in the mouth of the river Morača and Plavnica were shown. Since the results coincide with some of the bioassays and chemical analysis performed previously, the changes in bacterial community structure are explained as an effect of antropogenic pollution on the lake ecosystem by waters of river Morača and stream Plavnica. Conclusion The TTGE has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to monitor bacterial dynamics and community shifts in aquatic environment, especially in the sediments. Within the variety of environmental quality assessments the use of TTGE analyses of bacterial community is strongly recommended, particularly as an initial investigation. However, in any conclusion on the state of the environment, the TTGE results should be combined to some other biological, chemical and hydrological data. Recommendation and Outlook Since prokaryotes are a crucial group of organisms in the biosphere, the ecosystem function studies are largely based on bacterial communities. Therefore, bacterial community structure analysis should be a part of an integrated weight of evidence approach in pollution assessment. In case of Triad approach, consisting of chemical analyses, bioassays, and community studies in the field, the TTGE bacterial community structure analyses should be placed in the later Triad leg. In comparison to other community studies, based on various biotic indices, the TTGE bacterial community analysis has proven to be very sensitive, reliable and less time consuming.     

富集甲基汞的树脂膜筛选及条件优化

树脂膜作为DGT技术的核心部分,是影响 DGT测定的关键因素。为确保树脂吸附和洗脱实验的准确性,筛选出醋酸-盐酸混合溶液作为甲基汞溶液的保存试剂。以标液中甲基汞的吸附率为指标,比较了4种吸附树脂的基本特征及在室内标液浓度为1μg/L的条件下对甲基汞的吸附效果,筛选出吸附效果最佳的树脂TCH-95,并对TCH-95树脂胶的不同洗脱试剂进行了研究。结果表明：24h TCH-95对甲基汞的吸附率高达98.9%。且在洗脱实验中,对硫脲-盐酸混合溶液添加冰醋酸有助于提高树脂胶中甲基汞的洗脱率,其2%硫脲-0.2mol/L HCl-4%HAc混合溶液的甲基汞洗脱率为84.5%,是目前TCH-95树脂的最佳洗脱剂。     

铅锌尾矿砂污染下的岩溶土壤微生物群落碳源代谢特征

以广西阳朔思的村铅锌矿尾砂污染的水稻田、玉米地、柑橘园以及对照(旱地)土壤为研究对象,采用碳素利用法和18S rRNA变性梯度凝胶电泳技术探究岩溶区重金属污染下土壤微生物群落碳源代谢特征以及土壤真菌与土壤有机碳的交互关系.结果表明,广西阳朔思的村铅锌矿尾砂污染区土壤重金属总体含量(Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd)依次为:水稻田玉米地柑橘园对照;同时地累积综合指数显示该区重金属污染以Pb、Cd为主,其中Cd带来的环境风险最高.受Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd等重金属复合污染物影响,土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物熵和碳源代谢速率表现出随总体重金属质量分数增加而降低的变化规律,但土壤总有机碳质量分数却表现为:水稻田对照柑橘园或玉米地.DGGE结果进一步显示对照组土壤存在担子菌门多孔菌目Pycnoporus sp.ZW02.30,柑橘园和玉米地土壤存在镰刀菌属Fusarium solani和Fusarium oxysporum以及柑橘园土壤存在青霉属Penicillium decumbens.然而,上述参与淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素等糖类降解过程的真菌没有在水稻田土壤检出.加之,水稻田土壤微生物功能多样性指数和微生物熵最低而土壤有机碳质量分数最高,说明铅锌尾矿砂通过影响不同样地土壤微生物糖类代谢过程,进而调节土壤碳在微生物特别是真菌作用下的矿化速率.     

沿海钢结构设施的防腐研究

针对沿海钢结构设施的腐蚀情况及目前常用防腐涂料的性能,优选了3种重防腐涂料——环氧富锌底漆、环氧玻璃鳞片中间漆、聚氨酯面漆。讨论了环氧树脂、锌粉、玻璃鳞片、聚氨酯改性树脂的选择方法,并提出了适合涂料涂装的表面处理技术和施工工艺。     

短程硝化工艺出水水质及微生物区系分析

实验采用短程硝化工艺处理高氨氮废水,并用PCR-DGGE分析了系统中的微生物区系。结果表明,进水氨氮浓度在50～400mg/L之间梯度增加时,出水氨氮浓度在10mg/L以下;随着氨氮浓度的增加,亚硝态氮积累率逐渐升高,当氨氮浓度达到300mg/L时,积累率达到90%左右。DGGE分析结果表明,随着运行时间的延长,微生物区系多样性减少;氨氮负荷为50mg/L与400mg/L相比,相似性为0.24。     

含氚硅胶密封包装实验研究

文章针对含氚硅胶,设计了双层桶密封包装容器,即以镀膜铝桶为初始包装,内衬高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)不锈钢桶为外包装容器。含氚硅胶在镀膜铝桶内用环氧树脂浇注固定,密封;铝桶放入衬HDPE不锈钢外桶,间隙蛭石填充,垫圈密封。含氚硅胶包装桶氚释气率测量结果表明,20天内日均释氚率为4.62×10-5%;浸出实验结果表明,108天内氚日均浸出率远小于10-3%,满足氚废物包装的相关要求。     

报废电冰箱的环保处理技术

介绍一种处理报废电冰箱的技术。首先对报废电冰箱进行分解,包括制冷剂回收、压缩机拆卸、散热系统和蒸发系统拆卸、箱体箱门钢板拆卸、箱体内胆拆卸、门衬拆卸和绝热泡沫剥离等。然后对于拆出的材料作进一步处理,钢板、管材经平整或矫直裁剪之后作为旧板材或旧管材;内胆和门衬破碎后作为注塑材料使用;压缩机组经专业检测、修复再利用或作为冶金炉料使用。聚氨酯泡沫需经分离回收R11处理,处理工艺路线包括泡沫粉碎、发泡剂蒸发、混合气收集、除尘、储气、压缩、冷凝、节流以及发泡剂与空气的分离;工艺参数涉及主要工艺环节的热力学计算,包括破碎后的泡沫中的R11发泡剂的蒸发吸热、混合气压缩功耗、冷凝过程的散热。同时还介绍了应用发泡胶接法的聚氨酯硬泡沫碎屑再成型技术。采用该工艺处理报废电冰箱,具有拆解物利用价值高、处理过程能耗低、便于分拣、设备造价低等优点,适合我国国情。     

Selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from water by molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized silica gel sorbent

A molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized sorbent for selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) was prepared by a surface imprinting technique in combination with a sol-gel process.The 2,4-D-imprinted amino-functionalized silica sorbent was characterized by FT-IR,nitrogen adsorption and static adsorption experiments.The selectivity of the sorbent was investigated by a batch competitive binding experiment using an aqueous 2,4-D and 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) mixture or using an aqueous 2...