离子色谱法中高浓度盐基体对无机阴离子分析影响规律的研究

本文首次研究高浓度盐基体中，大量盐的存在对无机阴离子的保留时间，峰高峰面积等参数的影响规律，并对其影响机理进行了初步探讨，实验证明，在样品中离子总浓度不超过柱容量孤情况下，虽然由于某些离子的浓度过高，使待测离子的保留时间变短，峰形改变，但用峰面积和标准加入外推法计算，仍可得到较即的结果。     

SGO/PVDF-g-PSSA复合质子交换膜的制备及抗污染性研究

为更好的提高PVDF-g-PSSA质子交换膜的性能,将磺化氧化石墨烯（SGO）与PVDF-g-PSSA共聚物混合制得SGO/PVDF-g-PSSA复合质子交换膜.用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）以及X射线测定仪（XRD）证实了GO的成功磺化.对复合膜进行SEM表征并考察了复合膜的主要性能,得到了最佳SGO掺加量.使用耗散型石英晶体微天平（QCM-D）研究了复合膜的抗污染性能.实验结果表明：当SGO添加量为1.0%时,复合膜的含水率达到44.34%,质子传导率为0.085S/cm,综合性能达到最佳.QCM-D实验表明,在纯水和50mmol/L PBS条件下,复合膜表面的BSA吸附量均最低,且|ΔD/ΔF|最大,说明吸附层较为疏松,复合膜具有较好的抗污染性.     

基于薄弱环节的整机加速因子计算

目的当薄弱环贮存寿命都服从指数分布或都服从形状参数相同的威布尔分布时,给出整机加速因子与薄弱环节加速因子关系的公式;若形状参数不同时,给出整机加速因子的取值范围。方法将各个薄弱环节做串联系统处理,利用不同可靠度时常应力和加速应力下系统贮存寿命的关系,计算整机加速因子或给出加速因子范围。结果基于不同薄弱环节数据,总结出整机加速因子或取值范围的计算方法。结论针对系统存在薄弱环节并且薄弱环节寿命服从一定的分布时,可以通过该方法计算出整机加速因子或加速因子的取值范围。     

Use of polymeric sub-micron ion-exchange resins for removal of lead, copper, zinc, and nickel from natural waters

This research investigated the removal capacity of polymeric sub-micron ion-exchange resins(SMR) for removal of lead, copper, zinc, and nickel from natural waters in competition with natural organic matter(NOM). Polymeric SMR particles were created and tested to ensure that they were adequately dispersed in the solution. They removed little NOM(10%or less) from river water and wastewater, indicating that competition from NOM was not a major concern. SMR were able to remove 82% ± 0.2% of lead, 46% ± 0.6% of copper, 55% ±20% of zinc, and 17% ± 2% of nickel from river water spiked with 500 μg/L of each. Similarly,in wastewater, they were able to remove 86% ± 0.1% of lead, 38% ± 0.8% of copper, 28% ± 1%of zinc, and 11% ± 1% of nickel.     

地膜覆盖和施氮对菜地CO2通量的影响

为了探讨地膜覆盖和不同施氮处理对菜地生态系统CO₂净交换通量（Net CO₂ Ecosystem Exchange,简称NEE）、生态系统呼吸通量（Ecosystem Respiration,简称ER）及总初级生产力（Gross Primary Productivity,简称GPP）的影响,以辣椒-萝卜轮作菜地为研究对象,采用静态明/暗箱-气相色谱法,进行了为期1 a（2014年5月-2015年4月）的田间原位观测.试验设置8个处理,分别为常规无氮（CN0）、覆膜无氮（MN0）、常规低氮（CN1）、覆膜低氮（MN1）、常规中氮（CN2）、覆膜中氮（MN2）、常规高氮（CN3）、覆膜高氮（MN3）.结果表明,辣椒季累积NEE最大值分别为CN3和MN3处理下的-30.96和-29.83 t·hm^-2,累积ER排放量最大值分别为CN1和MN1处理下的40.18和39.16 t·hm^-2,累积GPP最大值分别为CN3和MN3处理下的70.60和68.61 t·hm^-2;萝卜季累积NEE最大值分别为CN3和MN3处理下的-22.25和-24.88 t·hm^-2,累积ER排放量最大值分别为CN2和MN2处理下的17.00和19.43 t·hm^-2,累积GPP最大值分别为CN3和MN3处理下的37.92和43.80 t·hm^-2.在两个生长季中,覆膜及覆膜和施氮的交互作用只对辣椒季中ER有显著影响,对于NEE和GPP均无显著影响（p>0.05）;施氮显著提高了菜地生态系统NEE和GPP而降低了辣椒季ER（p<0.05）,并且这种增加或降低效应随着施氮量的提高而逐渐增强.本研究中菜地呈现碳汇并随着施氮水平的提高碳汇逐渐增强,而覆膜对CO₂固定无显著影响,表明常规高氮的农田管理措施能够提高西南地区代表性的辣椒-萝卜轮作菜地的固碳潜力,对该地区农田生态系统碳的源/汇功能具有一定的参考意义.     

基于TBL模型的闽江口围垦养虾塘水-大气界面CO2扩散通量估算

扩散模型是估算水生生态系统水-大气界面二氧化碳(CO_2)交换通量的重要手段.选取多种参数化方法对闽江口围垦养虾塘水-大气界面CO_2气体交换速率(k_x)及CO_2扩散通量进行估算,探讨闽江口围垦养虾塘k_x及CO_2扩散通量的变化特征及影响因素.结果表明:①养殖期水-大气界面CO_2气体交换速率及其扩散通量均呈现显著的时间变化特征,分别表现为10月 9月 11月 7月 8月和11月 7月 8月 9月 10月的变化趋势;②风速、pH、水体CO_2、DOC和叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度是影响CO_2扩散通量时间变化特征的重要因素;③不同参数化方法计算得出的闽江口养虾塘水-大气界面CO_2扩散通量存在显著差异(P 0. 01),表明模型方法估算养殖塘CO_2扩散通量具有一定不确定性,综合分析认为模型RC01和CW03是估算闽江口围垦养虾塘水-大气界面CO_2扩散通量较为合适的方法.     

离子交换树脂在污泥处理中的应用及展望

离子交换树脂(IER)因其不溶性以及可循环利用性被广泛用于废水处理,但目前仍缺乏其对污泥应用研究的综述。本文汇总了污泥中常见IER类型(阳离子交换树脂、阴离子交换树脂以及螯合树脂),并介绍了树脂的基本特性以及适用的污泥方向,其中阳离子交换树脂,尤其是强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂,适用范围最广。IER在污泥中的应用归为4类,分别为去除/回收重金属、回收磷、胞外聚合物提取以及调理污泥,并阐述了基本应用机理以及优缺点。针对IER在污泥中应用的不足,提出未来的研究方向,包括改性或开发新型IER去除/回收污泥中的重金属,优化IER直接回收污泥中磷的方法,改进IER调理污泥的方式以及开发新型分离IER与污泥的手段。本文有助于研究人员更好的了解IER在污水厂污泥中的应用现状,优化IER处理污泥的应用方式以及开发应用于污泥处理的新型IER。     

Conservation practitioners’ understanding of how to manage evolutionary processes

Both academics and practitioners consider a lack of knowledge about evolutionary theory to be a general barrier to effectively managing genetic diversity. However, it is challenging to judge practitioners’ level of understanding and how this influences their management decisions. Knowledge built through experience may be difficult for practitioners to articulate, but could nonetheless result in appropriate management strategies. To date, researchers have assessed only the explicit (formal) knowledge practitioners have of evolutionary concepts. To explore practitioners’ understanding of evolutionary concepts, it is necessary to consider how they might apply explicit and implicit knowledge to their management decisions. Using an online survey, we asked Australian practitioners to respond to 2 common management scenarios in which there is strong evidence that managing genetic diversity can improve outcomes: managing small, isolated populations and sourcing seeds for restoration projects. In describing their approach to these scenarios, practitioners demonstrated a stronger understanding of the effective management of genetic diversity than the definitions of the relevant concepts. However, their management of genetic diversity within small populations was closer to best practice than for restoration projects. Moreover, the risks practitioners described in implementing best practice management were more likely to affect their approach to restoration than translocation projects. These findings provide evidence that strategies to build the capacity of practitioners to manage genetic diversity should focus on realistic management scenarios. Given that practitioners recognize the importance of adapting their practices and the strong evidence for the benefits of actively managing genetic diversity, there is hope that better engagement by evolutionary biologists with practitioners could facilitate significant shifts toward evolutionarily enlightened management.     

Impact of authentic leadership on performance: Role of followers' positive psychological capital and relational processes

Authentic leadership has received considerable attention and research support over the past decade. Now the time has come to refine and better understand how it impacts performance. This study investigates the moderating role followers' positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and the mediating role that leader–member exchange (LMX) may play in influencing the relationship between authentic leadership and followers' performance. Specifically, we tested this mediated moderation model with matched data from 794 followers and their immediate leaders. We found that authentic leadership is positively related to LMX and consequently followers' performance, and to a larger degree, among followers who have low rather than high levels of PsyCap. Our discussion highlights the benefits of understanding the roles of relational processes and followers' positive psychological resources involved in the effectiveness of authentic leadership and how they can be practically implemented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation of a novel anion exchange group modified hyper-crosslinked resin for the effective adsorption of both tetracycline and humic acid

A novel hyper-crosslinked resin (MENQ) modified with an anion exchange group was prepared using divinylbenzene (DVB) and methyl acrylate (MA) as comonomers via four steps: suspension polymerization, post-crosslinking, ammonolysis and alkylation reactions. The obtained resin had both a high specific surface area (793.34 m²·g^-1) and a large exchange capacity (strong base anion exchange capacity, SEC: 0.74 mmol·g^-1, weak base anion exchange capacity, WEC: 0.45 mmol·g^-1). XAD-4 was selected as an adsorbent for comparison to investigate the adsorption behavior of tetracycline (TC) and humic acid (HA) onto the adsorbents. The results revealed that MENQ could effectively remove both TC and HA. The adsorption capacity of XAD-4 for TC was similar to that of MENQ, but XAD-4 exhibited poor performance for the adsorption of HA. The adsorption isotherms of TC and HA were well-fitted with the Freundlich model, which indicated the existence of heterogeneous adsorption through cation-π bonding and π–π interactions. The optimal solution condition for the adsorption of TC was at a pH of 5–6, whereas the adsorption of HA was enhanced with increasing pH of the solution.