乌梁素海区域地下水水化学特征及成因分析

运用地下水系统理论及水文地球化学分析方法对乌梁素海周边地下水水化学特征及成因进行了分析.结果 表明:(1)研究区地下水整体呈弱碱性,乌梁素海与潜水均为微咸水,承压水为淡水;(2)乌梁素海水化学类型为Cl-Na型;潜水水化学类型主要为Cl-Na型和Cl-Ca· Mg型,由补给区到排泄区,水化学类型由重碳酸型向盐酸型演变;...     

黄河水中沉积物与铜和铅交换吸附等温线的研究

运用界面分级离子/配位子交换原理和方法研究了黄河水中Cu2+,Pb2+与沉积物相互作用的等温线。这类等温线具有1个“拐点”2个“平台”。应用分级离子交换平衡理论导出的等温式,用作图法求出了2种金属离子与沉积物相互作用的平衡常数K₁和K₂。证明Cu2+,Pb2+在黄河水中与沉积物的交换吸附是分二级进行的。      

广州地区典型清洁与污染过程的大气湍流与物质交换特征

利用2004年5月至2005年8月在广州番禺观测的一套陆气相互作用资料,结合污染物浓度资料分析广州地区污染过程与清洁过程的湍流交换特征,重点分析了近地层稳定度、风、湍流能量、物质通量与污染物的关系.分析表明平均风速与平均湍流能量的相关系数高达0.9以上,风速越大湍流能量也越大;污染物浓度与平均风速、湍流能量的相关性较高,其次是与水汽通量,均呈显著的负相关关系.污染过程期间平均风速、湍流能量与水汽通量仅为清洁过程的0.48、0.59、0.51倍,不利于污染物平流与扩散的气象条件降低一半,导致污染物的累积可达3~6倍.污染过程期间污染物之间存在较好的相关,尤其是PM10与NO2之间的相关性较高;而在清洁过程期间,污染物之间的相关性显著下降,PM10与NO2之间的相关性很低.     

沸石强化生化装置脱氮功能的效果及机理初探

针对石化工业废水开展沸石强化脱氮处理试验研究,通过比较沸石浓度25 mg/L与空白,以及沸石浓度25 mg/L与50 mg/L 2阶段脱氮效果,探讨了沸石促进脱氮功能的机理.结果表明,曝气池中投加沸石可明显提高氨氮和总氮的去除率,硝化细菌总数和硝化功能也得到增强.与空白对照组相比, 沸石浓度25 mg/L的试验组稳定运行后,氨氮去除率提高约10%～13%,总氮去除率约提高13%,出水中NO^-₃-N含量约提高100%,氨氮与总氮之比下降6%,内源硝化耗氧呼吸速率可提高138%,硝化细菌总数是空白对照组2.2倍.沸石浓度提高到50 mg/L后,试验组的脱氮效果略有增加,但效果不明显.通过对试验结果的关联分析,认为沸石提高系统脱氮能力的原因一方面是因为沸石对NH⁺₄及硝态氮的交换吸附,另一方面NH⁺₄离子富集于沸石表面及内部、沸石颗粒独特的好氧-缺氧微环境,以及沸石离解出CO^2-₃ 或HCO^-₃增加碱度等条件,促进了硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的生长,从而提高了系统脱氮能力.     

PVDF阳离子交换膜制备进展研究

总结介绍了目前国内外以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)材料制备阳离子交换膜的研究动态和最新进展,PVDF阳离子交换膜制备的主要方法为接枝法和共混法,接枝法是在PVDF表面生成自由基增长点,共混制膜法是将PVDF与其它无机纳米颗粒或聚合物共混制得离子交换膜.具体介绍了这两种方法的原理和制备实例.多项研究表明对PVDF材料进行等离子体照射、化学处理、臭氧活化接枝以及与无机纳米颗粒、其它聚合物共混处理等方法可制得性能优异的阳离子交换膜,应用前景广阔.     

Measurement of in-vehicle volatile organic compounds under static conditions

The types and quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inside vehicles have been determined in one new vehicle and two old vehicles under static conditions using the Thermodesorber-Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (TD-GC/MS).Air sampling and analysis was conducted under the requirement of USEPA Method TO-17.A room-size,environment test chamber was utilized to provide stable and accurate control of the required environmental conditions (temperature,humidity,horizontal and vertical airflow velocity,and background VOCs concentration).Static vehicle testing demonstrated that although the amount of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) detected within each vehicle was relatively distinct (4940μg/m~3 in the new vehicle A,1240μg/m~3 in used vehicle B,and 132μg/m~3 in used vehicle C),toluene,xylene,some aromatic compounds,and various C_7-C_(12) alkanes were among the predominant VOC species in all three vehicles tested.In addition,tetramethyl succinonitrile,possibly derived from foam cushions was detected in vehicle B.The types and quantities of VOCs varied considerably according to various kinds of factors,such as,vehicle age, vehicle model,temperature,air exchange rate,and environment airflow velocity.For example,if the airflow velocity increases from 0.1 m/s to 0.7 m/s,the vehicle's air exchange rate increases from 0.15 h~(-1) to 0.67 h~(-1),and in-vehicle TVOC concentration decreases from 1780 to 1201μg/m~3.     

Effect of dissolved organic matter on nitrate-nitrogen removal by anion exchange resin and kinetics studies

The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from the model contaminated water have been investigated utilizing the strong base anion exchange resins. With the increase of gallic acid concentration from 0 to 400 mg/L, the adsorption amount of nitrate-nitrogen on the commercial resins, including D201, Purolite A 300 (A300) and Purolite A 520E (A520E), would significantly decrease. However, the presence of tannin acid has little impact on nitrate-nitrogen adsorption on them. Compared to D201 and A300 resins, A520E resin exhibited more preferable adsorption ability toward nitrate-nitrogen in the presence of competing organic molecules, such as gallic acid and tannin acid at greater levels in aqueous solution. Attractively, the equilibrium data showed that the adsorption isotherm of nitrate-nitrogen on A520E resin was in good agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The rate parameters for the intra particle diffusion have been estimated for the different initial concentrations. In batch adsorption processes, nitrate-nitrogen diffuse in porous adsorbent and rate process usually depends on t 1/2 rather than the contact time. The pseudo first- and the second-order kinetic models fit better for nitrate-nitrogen adsorption onto A520E resin. The observations reported herein illustrated that A520E resin will be an excellent adsorbent for enhanced removal of nitrate-nitrogen from contaminated groundwater.     

高浓度络合铜废水处理技术简介

文章介绍了高浓度铜的去除方法，特别是对络合铜的去除，主要有碱沉淀法、硫酸亚铁共沉法、铁置换法、S^2-沉淀法等4种方法。对它们的技术特点进行了概述，对比分析认为采用硫化钠与硫酸亚铁结合方法处理高浓度络合铜废水最为实用。     

Adsorption of naphthalene onto a high-surface-area carbon from waste ion exchange resin

A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.     

天然斜发沸石粉对溶液中NH4+的吸附机理研究

采用天然斜发沸石粉(平均粒径30μm)进行吸附溶液中NH4+的试验研究,并对系统中金属阳离子的液相和固相含量进行了全程跟踪测定.等温吸附试验、吸附动力学研究结果表明,天然斜发沸石对溶液中NH4+的吸附过程符合Freundlich线性模型(R2=0.996),该吸附过程属于优惠吸附;吸附动力学符合假二级方程(R2>0.99),且随着初始NH4+浓度的增加,吸附反应的优惠程度降低.沸石粉对NH4+的吸附过程中离子交换以Ca2+和Na+为主,Na+首先被交换出来,随着吸附过程进行,Ca2+交换量逐渐增加并超过Na+,两者交换当量分别占39%~60%和35%~57%.由于沸石粉粒径较小,其对NH4+的去除除了依靠离子交换作用外,物理吸附作用的贡献不容忽视.