黄河水中氨基酸对铅(Ⅱ)与悬浮粒子相互作用的影响

研究了五种氨基酸对黄河水中铅 ( )与悬浮粒子相互作用的离子交换率 E( % )— p H关系曲线的影响 ,结果表明 :( 1)水体中五种氨基酸浓度分别为 2μmol· L- 1 时提高 E( % )的顺序是 :组氨酸 >脯氨酸 >丙氨酸 >天门冬氨酸 >赖氨酸 ;( 2 )与未加有机物相比“S型曲线”左移 0 .4～ 1.3个 p H单位 ,Δ p H左移值顺序为 :组氨酸 >天门冬氨酸 >丙氨酸 >赖氨酸 >脯氨酸 ;( 3 )随着脯氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸和胱氨酸浓度增加 ,离子交换率提高。     

呈贡县蔬菜土壤有机质、阳离子交换量及分布特征研究

对呈贡县14个村的蔬菜土壤上下层有机质含量和阳离子交换量进行调查分析。土壤上下层的有机质平均含量分别为3 23%和1 87%,阳离子交换量平均为9 64cmol/kg和8 83cmol/kg;有机质与阳离子交换量之间存在显著正相关关系;土壤肥力变化趋势从西向东降低;上层土壤属肥沃等级,下层土壤为轻度和中度贫瘠。     

新型离子交换纤维去除水中砷酸根离子的研究

制备了一种新型离子交换纤维。研究表明,该离子交换纤维对砷酸根离子具有较高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速度,吸附动力学数据完全符合Lagergren二级速度方程,在所研究的砷浓度范围内,Freundlich型吸附等温式能很好地描述吸附平衡数据,去除砷酸根离子的最佳pH值范围是3．5－7．0。离子交换纤维柱吸附实验表明了较好的动态附特性,稀NaOH溶液是砷酸根离子的有效洗脱剂,30mL 0.5mol/L NaOH溶液可定量将96．0mg/g吸附量的砷从纤维柱上洗脱。     

Net Carbon Exchange Across the Arctic Tundra-Boreal Forest Transition in Alaska 1981–2000

Shifts in the carbon balance of high-latitude ecosystems could result from differential responses of vegetation and soil processes to changing moisture and temperature regimes and to a lengthening of the growing season. Although shrub expansion and northward movement of treeline should increase carbon inputs, the effects of these vegetation changes on net carbon exchange have not been evaluated. We selected low shrub, tall shrub, and forest tundra sites near treeline in northwestern Alaska, representing the major structural transitions expected in response to warming. In these sites, we measured aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen pools, and used these data to parameterize the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. We simulated the response of carbon balance components to air temperature and precipitation trends during 1981–2000. In areas experiencing warmer and dryer conditions, Net Primary Production (NPP) decreased and heterotrophic respiration (R _H ) increased, leading to a decrease in Net Ecosystem Production (NEP). In warmer and wetter conditions NPP increased, but the response was exceeded by an increase in R _H ; therefore, NEP also decreased. Lastly, in colder and wetter regions, the increase in NPP exceeded a small decline in R _H , leading to an increase in NEP. The net effect for the region was a slight gain in ecosystem carbon storage over the 20 year period. This research highlights the potential importance of spatial variability in ecosystem responses to climate change in assessing the response of carbon storage in northern Alaska over the last two decades.     

水中脱铬技术研究进展

简要回顾了国内外废水脱铬技术的研究进展情况,简单介绍了还原沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、萃取法及超滤法等几种常用的脱铬方法。     

饮用水中消毒副产物及常见阴离子的离子色谱分析

本文研究了一次进样同时测定饮用水中包括消毒副产物 (BrO_3~-,ClO_3~-)在内的九种阴离子的离子色谱法条件,相对标准偏差小于2.7％,样品测定的回收率在95％—103％。     

新型环境材料提铯离子筛的铯离子交换性能初探

研究了提铯离子筛的颗粒性质对铯离子的交换容量和分配系数的影响，以及提铯离子筛在强酸介质中的稳定性和交换性能；探讨了在大量氢离子或钠离子存在时提铯离子筛对铯离子的选择性。实验结果表明提铯离子筛为多孔无定形物质，其对铯离子的交换容量和分配系数，随着颗粒粒度的减小而增加，但是酸度和钠离子的影响有限。在与模拟高放废液的静态交换中，提铯离子筛对铯离子的交换率可高达96％以上，基本达到了从高放废液中提取^137Cs的指标。     

兰州地区空气飘尘对人淋巴细胞SCE的诱发及DNA的损伤

用苯、己烷、异丙醇(7:2:1)混合溶剂萃取兰州市石油化工区及离市区西64公里农村的空气飘尘.萃取物能使人淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体互换频率(SCE)增高,使SCE比对照组增高一倍的浓度:化工区为23μg/ml、农村为47μg/ml,萃取物还能损伤DNA棋板,证明化工区空气飘尘的致突变或致癌的机率比农村大.     

Sister chromatid exchange and DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by air-dust in Lanzhou City: involvement in free radicals

The air-dust samples collected from petro-chemical industrial region in the suburb of Lanzhou and from a certain rural region 64 km away from the city were extracted, with a mixed solvent (benzene: hexane: isopropanol=7:2:1) for 8 hours. A strong free radical signal at g= 2.00 of air-dust itself and a hyperfine splitting EPR signal of extract from air-dust have been detected. The sister chromatid exchange frequency (SCE) was increased by extracts of both dusts from the industrial region and from the rural region. If a chemical is able to increase SCE up to twice as high as the control, this chemical is considered to be mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. The double SCE frequency concentration is 23 μg/ml for the dust extract obtained from the industrial region and 47μg/ml for that from the rural region. Extracts were able to damage to DNA template. Results indicated that the mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity of the extracts obtained from the petro-chemical industrial region were stronger than that of the     

能源甘蔗不同叶位叶片形态、光合气体交换及其与产量关系

利用CI-203叶面积分析仪和CI-301CO2气体分析仪分析4个能源甘蔗品种分蘖期和伸长初期不同叶位层叶片的形态特征和光合气体交换特征参数.结果表明,不同基因型不同叶位层间叶片形态、光合气体交换特征参数存在显著差异.分蘖期和伸长初期蔗叶的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、长宽比等叶片形态参数和净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用率等光合气体交换特征参数均表现为随着叶位的下降,自上而下逐渐变小.逐步回归分析结果表明,分蘖期第3叶的叶宽和水分利用率及第5叶的叶宽对产量形成影响较大;而伸长初期第1叶和第3叶的叶面积对产量形成影响较大.图8表4参15