离子交换技术在重金属废水处理中的应用

重金属废水由于所含重金属对人类和环境的危害,需要对其进行处理。化学沉淀法被广泛应用于重金属废水的处理过程,但采用化学沉淀法处理重金属废水时,会产生大量的重金属污泥,需要妥善处理或处置。离子交换技术处理重金属废水,既可实现废水中重金属的去除,有可回收废水中的重金属,避免化学沉淀法处理重金属废水时产生大量的污泥。离子交换树脂对废水中重金属离子的选择性分离,可以更好的实现废水中重金属离子的处理和重金属离子的回收。     

扩散渗析—电渗析法回收盐酸酸洗废水中的酸和铁

为了达到盐酸酸洗废水＂零排放＂的要求,采用扩散渗析—电渗析联合工艺技术,进行回收酸洗废水中的盐酸和铁的试验研究。考察了扩散渗析装置料液进水流量、蒸馏水与酸洗废水流量比、电渗析装置阴极室进水pH值、阴极室和阳极室进水流量和槽电压对酸洗废水中盐酸和铁回收效果的影响。结果表明,用不锈钢作阴极,自制改性Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/PbO2电极作阳极,采用DF120型均相阴离子交换膜,当扩散渗析装置料液进水流量为0.35L/h,维持蒸馏水与酸洗废水流量比为1,电渗析装置阴极室进水pH值为2.50,阴极室和阳极室进水流量为0.06L/h,槽电压为10V时,回收盐酸浓度平均为0.2mol/L,盐酸回收率平均为66.7%;出水中Fe2＋浓度平均为99.5mg/L,铁回收率均可达到88%。     

夏季玉龙雪山地区不同水体常规阴离子特征及其来源分析

依据Dionex-3000型离子色谱仪和Dionex-600型离子色谱仪测定的云南省丽江市玉龙雪山地区2005年7月22日～7月28日不同水体的阴离子数据及同期降水中的无机离子数据,运用系统聚类、海盐示踪、后推气流模型分析等方法,分析了人类活动、岩石岩性、大气干湿沉降对我国云南省丽江市玉龙雪山地区不同水体阴离子构成和浓...     

卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰效果测试及分析

本文通过对卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰效果进行试验研究,得出不同脉冲参数对除尘器清灰效果的影响。而且,在试验过程中发现该类除尘器在清灰方面存在滤筒各部位清灰不均的现象,为进一步改善和提高卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰效果,解决其清灰不均的问题,提出了切实有效的解决方法以指导卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的设计及运行。     

地下水氨氮污染及处理技术综述

综述了地下水中氨氮的污染现状,主要阐述了吸附和离子交换法、折点加氯法和生物脱氮法的原理和各自的优缺点,指出应将这些方法结合起来,开发高效、经济、稳定、操作简便的氨氮脱除技术。     

Combining material characterization with single and multi-oxyanion adsorption for mechanistic study of chromate removal by cationic hydrogel

Cationic hydrogel with magnetic property was synthesized via radical polymerization and its removal capacity of chromate from contaminated water was found to be 200 mg/g. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) study, the mechanism of chromate removal by hydrogel was found to be non-specific adsorption, mainly due to ion exchange, as evidenced by the positively charged functional group, trimethyl ammonium –N+(CH3)3; in the monomer. Verifications were accordingly determined by testing different oxyanion adsorption onto the hydrogel. The results of the chromate adsorption experiments illustrated that the amount of chromate adsorbed was nearly equal to that of the chloride released from the hydrogel, which is part of the evidence for ion exchange. Single and multi-oxyanion adsorption experiments were also performed, and it was demonstrated that ion removal was species independent, but charge dependent, another characteristic of the ion exchange process. It was found that the same Langmuir model can be applied to best fit the findings of single and multi-oxyanion adsorption, which further indicates the mechanism of chromate removal is attributed to ion exchange. In view of the above, the background anions compete for adsorption sites with chromate, evidenced by inhibitive chromate removal in the presence of background electrolytes in the batch studies, further echoing the ion exchange mechanism.     

重庆缙云山地区森林土壤酸化特征

通过在2010～2012年8月份对重庆缙云山4种典型林分土壤进行野外取样和室内分析,研究了酸沉降对研究地森林土壤酸化的影响,并从多角度深入分析了4种林分土壤在时间和空间上的酸化机理。结果表明：（1）在常年酸沉降的影响下,缙云山森林土壤酸化现象非常严重,pH值较低,表层土壤pH值为387~447,4种林分土壤pH值都随土层加深递增;（2）4种林分有机质含量相差较大,灌木林最高（377 g/kg）,毛竹林最低（1144 g/kg）,且随土层增加而降低,这主要是受枯落物类型和来源的影响;（3）由于长期酸雨淋溶作用,4种林分土壤CEC含量均较低为1276~1973 cmol/kg,表层含量最高,随土层加深递减;（4）4种林分Al3+含量均较高,阔叶林（4097 mmol/kg）>灌木林（3132 mmol/kg）>针阔混交林（3006 mmol/kg）>毛竹林（2615 mmol/kg）。Al3+含量与土壤pH值呈显著负相关关系     

基于弱HSDI与强HSDI的区域可持续性评价——以中国环渤海地区为例

可持续性评价是可持续性科学研究的重要内容。在HDI和HSDI的基础上,构建对环境重视程度不同的弱HSDI与强HSDI评价指数,以中国环渤海地区为例,揭示区域2000-2015年可持续性基本状态与变化过程。结果表明：从基本状态来看,环渤海地区各市可持续性水平等级结构失衡,弱HSDI与强HSDI水平均呈两头小、中间大的纺锤形等级结构,但弱HSDI的等级结构失衡比强HSDI更严重,且弱、强HSDI空间格局差异较大;从变化过程来看,环渤海地区各市可持续发展步调不一致,弱HSDI与强HSDI均以显著增长趋势为主,但弱HSDI主要呈中高速增长,强HSDI主要呈中低速增长。结合评价结果,划分可持续性状态与过程矩阵,提出具有针对性的多元化策略,可为促进区域可持续发展提供决策参考。     

Comparative studies on fouling of homogeneous anion exchange membranes by different structured organics in electrodialysis

Five negatively charged organic compounds with different structures, sodium methane sulfonate (MS), sodium benzene sulfonate (BS), sodium 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate (NSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), were used to examine the fouling of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) in electrodialysis (ED), to explore the effect of molecular characteristics on the fouling behavior on the AEM and changes in the surface and electrochemical properties of the AEM. Results indicated that the fouling degree of the AEM by the different organics followed the order: SDBS?>?SDS?>?NSS?>?BS?>?MS. SDBS and SDS formed a dense fouling layer on the surface of the AEM, which was the main factor in the much more severe membrane fouling, and completely restricted the transmembrane ion migration. The other three organics caused fouling of the AEM by adsorption on the surface and /or accumulation in the interlayer of the AEM, and exhibited almost no influence on the transmembrane ion migration. It was also concluded that the organics with benzene rings caused more severe fouling of the AEM due to the stronger affinity interaction and steric effect between the organics and the AEM compared with organics with aliphatic chains.     

平板陶瓷膜回收烟气水热的实验研究

将平板陶瓷膜组成膜组件对烟气水分和余热进行回收,考察了烟气的温度、相对湿度、流速和冷却水温度等参数对膜组件水热回收性能的影响。在实验工况下,水通量和水回收效率随着烟气温度、烟气相对湿度的增加和冷却水温度的降低而上升;水通量随着烟气流速的加快而上升,水回收效率随着烟气流速的加快先上升后降低;膜组件的水通量和水回收效率最高分别可达22.0 kg/(m²·h)和36.3%。平板陶瓷膜回收的热量主要来自烟气潜热,烟气潜热换热量与水通量呈正相关变化趋势。在实验工况下,平板陶瓷膜组件的总传热系数最高为412 W/(m²·℃),高于多通道管式陶瓷膜和单通道管式陶瓷膜。