导弹武器系统环境工程中的高加速寿命试验

概要论述了型号研制中环境工程的意义,环境适应性试验作为研制试验的一个重要手段,在型号工程中得到了越来越广泛的应用。对高加速寿命试验的目的、使用应力及其施加方法进行了分析,结合某导弹武器系统研制,高加速寿命试验提供了更宽广的科研手段。     

Investigating incorporation and distribution of radionuclides in trinitite

Most of the surface explosions in nuclear tests have released radioactivity to the environment in the form of bulk glassy materials originating from the melting of sandy soil in the neighbourhood of ground zero. In view of clarifying issues concerning the mechanism of formation and the radiological impact of these materials, we investigated incorporation and volume distribution of radionuclides in a typical fragment of trinitite, the glassy substance generated following the first nuclear test (Trinity Site, New Mexico, 1945). Specific activities were determined by γ-spectrometry for the most significant fission and activation products. In particular, ¹⁵²Eu activity was used to estimate the original point of collection of the sample with respect to ground zero. After embedding in an epoxy resin, the sample was then sliced to perform cross-sectional β- and α-autoradiograph. α-spectrometry was also carried out on a fine powder obtained by surface abrasion. In the β-autoradiography, hot spots were distinguishable in the proximity of the blast side, over a 1000 times less intense background of sand activation products. Also α-contamination (from ^239+240Pu and ²⁴¹Am) was mostly concentrated within the superficial layer, in a fraction of only 20% of the overall volume of the sample, exhibiting a discontinuous, droplet-like distribution. This evidence would partially support a recent hypothesis on trinitite formation according to which most of the glass layer was formed not on the ground but by a rain of material injected into the fireball that melted, fell back, and collected on a bed of already fused sand.     

舰载飞机弹射动力学仿真与试验验证

目的获取舰载飞机弹射过程中冲击动载荷在结构上的响应规律,以及前起落架和与其连接的机体主传力结构的动响应特性。方法基于多体系统动力学理论,建立描述舰载机弹射过程的刚柔耦合多体系统动力学模型,对弹射过程进行仿真分析。同时开展地面模拟弹射冲击试验,通过仿真和试验对照,重点研究牵制载荷突卸瞬间结构的动态响应规律。结果仿真和试验得到结构传力路径各点的加速度和应力响应数据,试验测得机体结构加速度峰值达到255g,而同位置的应力峰值为85 MPa,仿真和试验数据的趋势一致。结论牵制载荷突卸形成的冲击动响应峰值沿着结构传力路径衰减。航向加速度和应力响应峰值随着牵制释放载荷的增加而增加。虽然瞬态加速度峰值达到较高水平,但是瞬态作用机体结构的应力峰值不高,不足以造成结构失效。结构设计应重点关注弹射冲击响应峰值和振动疲劳的影响。     

水下枪炮发射问题研究综述

首先介绍了水下枪炮类武器发射问题的研究意义,并对其军事需求进行了分析。之后对常见的水下枪炮发射方式进行了介绍,并简述了各自的发展历程。总结了目前对水下发射问题内弹道的研究进展,结合水下枪炮发射问题自身特点,阐述了燃气射流的形成机理以及相关研究的发展过程,比较性地总结了空气中枪炮发射膛口流场与水下枪炮发射膛口流场的研究进展及对应典型波系结构。最后,对水下枪炮发射领域仍存在的科学问题以及未来发展趋势作出了展望。     

日本在华遗弃化学武器埋藏地调查及其污染处置方法研究

日军二战期间在中国遗弃（留）了大量化学武器,随着埋藏时间的推移,化学武器的弹体腐蚀程度越来越严重,毒气和毒剂泄漏的几率不断增加,因此而造成土壤、水体等环境污染、进而威胁居民生命健康甚至突发性人员伤亡的危险性也在不断加大。本文提出利用低空热红外遥感与三维高密度电法、三维地质雷达等浅层高精度综合物探方法、结合小口径探孔取样...     

Applications of vacuum sealing drainage in treating seawater-immersed sulfur mustard injury

Vacuum sealing drainage has excellent therapeutic effects on the complex injuries. There is no relevant report on seawater-immersed sulfur mustard injury. The treatment effects were examined with miniature pigs. Injuries were performed on their back followed by vacuum sealing drainage at various pressures for nine days. Injured tissues were sampled up to 30 d after treatment and healing rates, levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and vascular endothelial growth factor were recorded. Vacuum sealing drainage enhances the healing of sulfur mustard wounds significantly, reduces the interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α levels in the wound, and increases the vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Pressure reduction by 180 mmHg is the most suitable condition for vacuum treatment.     

武器装备防雷标准体系及应用研究

从国际防雷标准体系的研究入手,梳理了国内武器装备防雷标准的技术来源,对比了不同体系标准在雷电关键参数、标准内容、实际应用等方面的差异,分析了存在的问题,并提出协调与选择应用的建议,可作为各类型装备开展雷电防护工作及后续标准规范制定的参考依据.     

导弹核武器核事故应急有关问题研究

对导弹核武器核事故应急的主要任务、特点、组织指挥以及力量运用等问题进行了探讨 ,导弹核武器核事故的应急问题是一项涉及体制、人员、装备、技术、科学理论等方面的复杂系统工程 ,笔者结合实际 ,有针对性的研究了事故应急有关的问题 ,可为导弹核武器核事故应急提供理论指导     

基于GM-RBF神经网络的导弹武器系统使用可用度评估方法 研究

目的研究导弹武器系统使用可用度评估问题,方法通过基于故障数据的使用可用度评估,提出一种基于灰色模型GM（1,1）的径向基函数（RBF—Radial Basis Function）神经网络组合模型。结果该模型克服了灰色理论的长时间序列预估误差大和神经网络的训练样本需求量大、输入变量选取困难等缺点。结论仿真结果表明,GM—RBF神经网络对导弹武器系统使用可用度评估具有评估误差小、精度高等优点。     

高原高寒环境对武器装备的影响研究

目的研究高原高寒环境对武器装备的影响。方法利用查阅文献、问卷调查、实装检测等方法分析研究西南高原高寒环境对武器装备的影响。结果高原高寒环境对武器装备的性能、电子设备、机能、维修保养、射程偏差、机动能力等方面带来较大影响。结论高原高寒环境因素影响降低了武器装备环境适应性,降低了其原有的作战效能。研究分析结果将为相关论证、研制、生产、使用部门提供重要的借鉴意义。