巢湖地区不同风化程度岩石岩源磷赋存形态研究

对巢湖地区6组不同风化程度的岩石进行磷素形态连续提取,这6组岩石包括殷坑组、龙潭组、灯影组青灰段、灯影组紫褐段、孤峰组及双山组的微风化、弱风化和强风化岩石,研究岩源磷磷素在风化作用下的转化规律.结果表明,随风化过程进行,6组岩石中总磷含量均降低,其中多数组别岩石中易溶性和弱吸附性磷(Ex-P)、铝结合磷(Al-P)、闭蓄态磷(De-P)、自生和生物磷灰石碳酸钙结合磷(Ca-P)和碎屑磷灰石及其他无机磷(Oc-P)呈下降趋势,而铁结合磷(Fe-P)及有机磷(Or-P)则呈上升趋势;大部分岩石磷素的主要赋存形态是碎屑磷灰石及其他无机磷;对比6组岩石磷素赋存形态分布、含量及相应的pH值可知,岩石的酸碱度对磷素的赋存形态影响较大.巢湖地区富磷岩层在风化过程中的磷素释放潜力大,因而岩石的风化作用是巢湖流域水体富营养化的重要因素之一.     

A Critical Appraisal of Field Evidence From A Regional Survey for Acid Deposition Effects On Scottish Moorland Podzols

Samples have been collected from major horizons of 34 podzol profiles distributed throughout Scotland, all developed from granite or granitic tills and under Calluna moorland. the pH in water and calcium chloride pastes, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity, and extractable aluminium of the soils collected have been measured, and the results studied in relation to reported atmospheric deposition of H⁺, non-marine sulphur and nitrate. for all horizons, significant positive correlations were found between soil pH and rainfall mean pH, as might be expected when the critical load of H⁺ deposition is exceeded. Acidifying pollutant deposition also apparently increased soil extractable aluminium concentrations in the B and C horizons. However, exchangeable base cation concentrations tended to increase, rather than decrease, with increasing precipitation acidity. This effect was attributed to increases in biogeochemical cycling of base cations, increases in leaching inputs of base cations from overlying A/E horizon soils, and increases in the inputs of base cations leached from upslope. the results suggest that the simple steady state mass approach to the quantification of critical loads, as often applied, may be an oversimplification.     

长江中下游典型下蜀土剖面成分对比研究

根据长江中下游三个下蜀土剖面94个样品主要组分元素化学成分的分析结果,结合西北洛川黄土数据资料进行了下蜀土剖面主要元素成分含量和风化程度的分析对比。结果表明不同下蜀土剖面在主要组分含量上差异不明显,但在易淋溶元素含量和经历的化学风化程度方面存在一定差异。     

中国南方碳酸盐岩上覆红土形成机制研究进展

碳酸盐岩上覆红土在中国南方分布广泛,已提出的用于解释其形成机制的有溶蚀-残积说、溶蚀-交代说和外来沉积说,溶蚀-残积说应该是红土形成的真正机制。形成红土消耗的原岩可能是质纯碳酸盐岩,但更可能是含有泥质碳酸盐岩,甚至碎屑岩或粘土岩。红土中粘土矿物来源应该有二,一是原岩所夹粘土矿物,二是原岩中硅酸盐矿物溶解形成的次生粘土矿物;铁氧化物应该来自原岩中黄铁矿的次生演化。完整的红土剖面应该由红土层、杂色粘土层和碳酸盐岩腐岩组成。碳酸盐岩腐岩形成于包气带,由原岩中的碳酸盐溶解后再次沉淀形成,主要由钙华和残余碳酸盐晶体组成。红土地区的石漠化趋势主要与红土向地下岩溶空间渗漏有关。     

夏季红碱淖水化学特征及影响因素分析

以陕北红碱淖为研究对象,2020年6月对其湖泊水体选取9个采样点采样,分析阴阳离子的空间分布,并利用Piper三线图及离子比例关系分析离子来源及影响因素,探讨红碱淖水化学特征及其影响因素。结果表明：红碱淖水体阳离子测定值为Na+＞Mg2+ ＞Ca2+ ＞K+,阴离子测定值为HCO-3＞Cl-＞SO42-,水化学类型现状为HCO3·Cl-Na型,水化学特征主要受碳酸盐岩和蒸发盐岩共同作用。红碱淖主要受岩石风化溶解作用控制,人类活动对水化学特征也有一定的影响。     

腹足纲动物毒性测试候选物种的研究

随着对内分泌干扰物在腹足纲动物中危害性的关注,软体动物污染生态问题逐渐受到重视.基于该研究方向现有进展,就几种典型腹足纲动物作为化学品测试受试生物的候选物种进行了论述,认为4种前鳃亚纲生物(新西兰泥蜗、鱼盘螺、福寿螺和铜锈环棱螺)和1种肺螺亚纲生物(静水椎实螺)具有生态意义,可以作为标准受试生物来发展.相对于其他国外学者提议的4种生物,我国学者提议的铜锈环棱螺具有本土意义,在化学品毒性测试过程中应该受到重视.在以上论述基础上,对腹足纲动物毒性测试今后研究的发展方向进行了展望.     

“一带一路”所经陆路地域巨震链特征研究

针对“一带一路”的陆路部分（即古丝绸之路）所经区域的自然灾害及灾害链的问题进行了研究讨论,尤其是针对大地震及相应的灾害链。穿越陆上丝绸之路的40度纬线地带是一个主要的地震活动带。沿着它易呈现震中定向迁移和在不长的时间内大地震发生的遥相关。陆上丝绸之路的灾害链主要是旱－震链,高山峰指标与大震发生的位置有较高的相关性。这些问题的研究对丝绸之路所经地带的安全都是有意义,也对丝绸之路上国家的安全合作有学术指向的意义。     

Relationships between pikas (Ochotona, mammalia) and vegetation in Tuva

The burrowing and trophic activities of four pika (Ochotona) species proved to be reflected in the horizontal structure of the biogeocenotic cover. Zoophytochores ofOchotona daurica andO. pallasi pricei burrows correspond to previously described ameboid zoophytochores. Burrows of pikas provide for the growth of pea shrubs (Caragana bungei, C leucophloea), with the formation of specific plant groups under their crowns and on rubble dug out by pikas. In ecosystems of placers, zoophytochores are formed owing to the presence of pika food stores and lavatories, which are the main substrate for vascular plants first appearing among the stones. General ecological (and successional) series characterizing the overgrowing of placers is as follows: (1) separate spots of vegetation with poor floristic composition at the sites of pika food stores (stacklets); (2) groups of spots and simplest complexes; and (3) complex plant communities of pika colonies. Food stores of pikas in Tuva were analyzed.     

对单项污染评价中污染分界线问题的讨论

根据数理统计的原理,将环境质量标准,平均值,标准偏差以及样本容量综合进行考虑,提出了污染分界线的计算公式,并以表格形式给出了不同显著性水平下,不同的相对标准偏差和样本容量所对应的污染分界线,对污染分界线与样本容量及相对标准的偏差的关系进行了讨论,指出提高监测精度和适当增加监测数据个数,可以使污染分界线接近评价标准。