珠穆朗玛峰地区近200年冰芯草酸根记录及其环境意义

 1997年5月中美联合珠峰地区绒布冰川考察期间，在远东绒布冰川海拔6500m北支冰流粒雪盆内钻取到一支41m长冰芯.该冰芯定年至1814年．远东绒布冰芯中近200年来草酸根浓度变化与Ca²⁺和NH₄浓度变化一致性较差，表明草酸根的来源有别于大气尘埃和生物来源．草酸根浓度与冰芯中气温指标δ¹⁸O的变化具有一致性,说明气温是影响大气中草酸根浓度变化的因素之一，但非主导因素.远东绒布冰芯记录的20世纪以来草酸根浓度的迅速升高反映了人类工业活动对大气环境的污染．20世纪50～80年代，大气中受人类工业活动污染的草酸根浓度约为19世纪自然本底值的3倍，其中60年代人类活动排放的草酸盐类对大气的污染最为严重.     

应用植物篱生态技术治理强风化岩质边坡研究

应用(改良)香根草等高植物篱技术治理与稳固昆明九乡喀斯特(岩溶)地区石漠化病害边坡.试验结果表明,与周边30m范围内发生大量山体滑坡的边坡相对照,该生态恢复工程明显发挥出了防止侵蚀、稳定边坡的作用,且大大改善和恢复了喀斯特石漠化病害边坡的生态环境,突破了土石方工程方法单一、造价高、景观差且阻断该区域植被系统形成的现状.     

太湖苏州三山岛旅游资源议论

本文对太湖苏州三山岛旅游区的区位、自然景观、文化内函和科学潜能作了初步评论．同时提出三山岛旅游业应瞄准国际旅游业趋势、四大热点，以高的起点将可持续性旅游作为三山岛立足之本，建议开展从旅游学研究，加大宣传力度提高三山岛的知名度。     

金属矿床的卤素元素异常及其形成机理——以粤西茶洞银金矿床为例

金属矿床中卤素元素参与了金属元素的活化、迁移到沉淀成矿的全过程。然而 ,除F能作为萤石和云母类矿物的组成部分有时富集于矿石中外 ,Cl、Br、I很难在矿石中富集。在成矿过程中尤其在成矿的后期 ,它们能在矿体上部形成范围较广的卤素扩散晕。在茶洞矿床 ,这种上部扩散晕范围可达 2 0 0m。其中以I扩散范围最大 ,Br扩散晕在距矿体 5 0m～ 130m的范围内最明显 ,Cl扩散晕在距矿体 30m～ 110m范围内最明显。卤素元素的这种变化特点 ,一方面可用来解释成矿热液的演化过程 ,另一方面可用来作为勘查深部隐伏矿体的地球化学标志。成矿流体中卤素元素与金属元素的配合物随着成矿条件的改变而不断被破坏 ,金属元素作为硫化物等矿物的组成部分沉淀下来 ,随着热液蚀变的发生和进行 ,部分卤素元素被带入蚀变带 ,大部分仍残留在流体相 ,在成矿的后期 ,和残余热液一道 ,以排泄和渗透等方式 ,在矿体上方或残余热液流经的途中形成大范围的异常     

溢油乳化过程的研究进展

概述了国内外溢油乳化过程的研究进展，主要从乳化物的形成，乳化物的性质及其研究手段、乳化过程的动力学及过程模拟等几方面进行了评述。目前大多数文献中关于乳化过程的研究偏重于化学组分的影响及作用方式，乳化物稳定性的化学因素等，而有关对油水乳化混合而乳化的动力学研究的报道较少，相应的过程模拟仍停留在80年代的水平。     

Performance of Pultruded Jute Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Composites as Building Materials for Door Frame

The pultruded jute/phenolic composites were aged under various humidity, hydrothermal and weathering conditions. Aging-induced effect of these conditions on the jute profiles was studied in terms of their physico-mechanical properties. It is observed that dimensional change of the profiles was only upto 4% even in an accelerated water aging condition. The effect of absorbed moisture/water on the jute profile was more pronounced in an accelerated water aging than the samples are being exposed to high humidity and alternate wetting and drying cycles. The changes in the values of internal bond strength of the profiles could be used as an indicator because of its sensitivity towards aging. Accentuation of fibres on the weathered samples along with severe resin erosion has suggested to layer the surface of the profiles with rich resin prior to use in the outdoor. The properties of jute profile door frame were satisfactory when compared with the requirements mentioned in IS: 4021–83 – Indian standard specification for timber door, window and ventilator frames. Performance of the installed door frame has shown no sign of dimensional instability in terms of warping and bulging after 3 years. It is suggested that jute door frames could be used as an alternative to the wooden door frames in buildings.     

北江流域水化学时空变化及化学风化特征

为了研究我国南方湿润地区河流水化学时空变化特征及控制因素,选择珠江流域第二大水系的北江为研究对象,通过分析2015年6月（汛期）和12月（非汛期）干流和支流河水基本水质参数及主量离子,利用化学计量法及质量守恒法定量评估了自然过程及人类活动共同影响下的流域化学风化特征及其通量.结果表明:①北江河水主量离子浓度非汛期高于汛期.岩石的区域分布和矿山活动构成了河水离子浓度和水化学类型的空间异质性,其中北江干流和支流连江为Ca-HCO₃型,而支流滃江则以Ca-SO₄型为主.②岩石对北江流域化学风化贡献率依次为碳酸岩（78.44%）>硅酸岩（14.43%）>降水源（5.42%）>蒸发岩（1.71%）.基于碳酸岩是北江径流水化学的主要控制因素,滃江流域的矿山开采活动加速了碳酸岩的风化,其对北江流域化学风化的贡献为7%.③汛期与非汛期的碳酸岩风化速率分别为7.49和5.29 t/（km2·月）,年化学风化速率为87.63 t/（km2·a）.研究显示,由于受水热条件、流域面积以及岩性的影响,北江流域年化学风化速率略大于西江流域,远高于东江以及全球流域化学风化平均值,北江对整个珠江流域的风化贡献较大.      

有机物料对土壤中水溶性氟环境效应的影响

土壤是固、液、气三相共存体,氟在土-水-植物、动物界面的转化可通过土壤水溶性氟含量表征。试验选用典型贵州黄壤和石灰土,运用有机质进行土壤污染修复的机理,通过向模拟高氟污染土壤中添加有机物料泥炭和风化煤,采用两因素最优设计,研究两种有机物料对土壤中水溶性氟含量的影响。结果表明,泥炭和风化煤都能降低土壤中水溶性氟含量,且泥炭的处理效果更好,最佳添加量是1.258g·kg-1。同时表明,黄壤和石灰土环境下氟形态转化的化学机理不同,运用有机质修复氟污染黄壤添加适量就可达到理想效果,而氟污染石灰土还存在其它更直接有效的方法改变氟在石灰土环境下的形态及其活性。     

论环境参与权

环境参与权是公民享有的一项重要环境权利.它包括参与环境立法权、环境行政听证权、参与环境决策权和环境监督权,确立环境参与权具有重要意义,但我国现行立法很不完备,需要进一步完善.     

Impact significance determination—Pushing the boundaries

Impact significance determination practice tends to be highly variable. Too often insufficient consideration is given to good practice insights. Also, impact significance determinations are frequently narrowly defined addressing, for example, only individual, negative impacts, focusing on bio-physical impacts, and not seeking to integrate either the Precautionary Principle or sustainability.This article seeks to extend the boundaries of impact significance determination practice by providing an overview of good general impact significance practices, together with stakeholder roles and potential methods for addressing significance determination challenges. Relevant thresholds, criteria, contextual considerations and support methods are also highlighted. The analysis is then extended to address how impact significance determination practices change for positive as compared with negative impacts, for cumulative as compared with individual impacts, for socio-economic as compared with bio-physical impacts, when the Precautionary Principle is integrated into the process, and when sustainability contributions drive the EIA process and related impact significance determinations. These refinements can assist EIA practitioners in ensuring that the scope and nature of impact significance determinations reflect the broadened scope of emerging EIA requirements and practices. Suggestions are included for further refining and testing of the proposed changes to impact significance determination practice.