Improving biodegradation potential of domestic wastewater by manipulating the size distribution of organic matter

Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater treatment. However, the functions of particulate organic matter (POM) and some organics with high molecular weight (HMW) are overlooked in the conventional process, as they cannot be directly assimilated into cells during microbial metabolism. This further aggravates the problem of carbon source shortage and thus affects the effluent quality. Therefore, to better characterize organic matter (OM) based MW distribution, microfiltration/ultrafiltration/nanofiltration (MF/UF/NF) membranes were used in parallel to fractionate OM, which obtained seven fractions. Hydrolysis acidification (HA) was adopted to manipulate the MW distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and further explore the correlation between molecular size and biodegradability. Results showed that HA pretreatment of wastewater not only promoted transformation from POM to DOM, but also boosted biodegradability. After 8 hr of HA, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 65%, from the initial value of 20.25 to 33.48 mg/L, and the biodegradability index (BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand)/SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand)) increased from 0.52 to 0.74. Using MW distribution analysis and composition optimization, a new understanding on the characteristics of organics in wastewater was obtained, which is of importance to solving low C/N wastewater treatment in engineering practice.     

清洁生产审核在氮肥企业的应用

某氮肥企业通过开展清洁生产审核,确定以节水、减少废水及水污染物排放量为目标,将企业供排水系统作为本轮清洁生产审核的重点,针对审核重点制定了定量的清洁生产审核目标,通过清洁生产方案的实施实现了环境效益、社会效益与经济效益的统一,为氮肥企业实施清洁生产提供了良好的借鉴。     

江安河武侯区段水质改善的环境经济效益研究

根据成都市江安河武侯区段2010年11月-2011年3月的水质监测数据,结合中国地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)和四川省实际确定水体中各污染物因子的本底浓度对该区段污水处理环境效益进行了分析。首先通过污染经济损失模型计算COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP、SS和硫化物对水经济价值的损失率,然后在讨论COD、NH3-N、TP和硫化物减排情况的基础上计算了各种污染指标减排至达标后所产生的环境经济效益。研究结果表明,江安河武侯区段水体污染的综合污染损失率高达99.99%,如果各种污染物减排达标至IV类标准产生的环境经济效益14 912万元人民币/a,而减排达标至III类标准产生的环境经济效益更是高达15 786万元人民币/a。     

农地非农化过程中损失农地生态价值的研究综述

农地的生态系统服务对人类的可持续发展有着重要的意义,而该系统的部分生态价值因未在市场上反映出来而往往被人类所忽略,本文在农地非农化过程中关于损失的生态价值方面进行总结,从研究方法、内容等方面总结了现有研究的特点,从生态服务价值的揭示程度、研究视角的广泛程度、研究方法的完善程度等方面分析了国内研究中存在的基本问题,为今后的研究提供理论依据。     

水带蜿蜒铺设时水头损失估算及火场供水研究

本文用管道内流体的水头损失规律,对水头损失产生的原因、计算公式及影响因素进行了分析,研究了水带蜿蜒铺设时火场供水的特点,并提出了弯曲铺设水带的水头损失估算值。     

1株草除灵高效降解菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从农药厂废水处理池的活性污泥中分离得到1株能以草除灵为唯一碳源生长的菌株.经生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,将此菌株初步鉴定为Methyloversatilis sp.,命名为MBLHC-2.对菌株MBLHC-2的生长特性研究表明,液体培养时,菌株呈絮状生长;在30℃、pH 8.0的R2A培养基中生长...     

高分子量多环芳烃降解菌LD29的筛选及降解特性研究

采用硅油-水双液相富集体系,以蒽为富集碳源,从原油污染土壤富集分离多环芳烃降解菌,分离出1株能降解菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]芘的细菌,经形态特征、生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定为矢野口鞘氨醇菌(Sphingobium yanoikuyae),编号为LD29.采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对LD29在无机盐培养基中对PA...     

络合萃取法处理含酚废水技术经济分析

从技术经济角度对络合萃取法处理含酚废水进行了分析,建立了投资及净现值与处理量和浓度的关系式。结果表明：络合萃取法投资及净现值指标对处理理敏感,而对浓度不敏感;     

顶部折壁式声屏障插入损失的预估方法研究

目前工程上常用的计算声屏障插入损失的方法是基于波动理论的近似方法 ,一般主要是验算性质的 ,很难实现声屏障的优化设计。在此采用边界元方法对顶部折壁式声屏障的插入损失进行数值模拟 ,得到不同参数下的声屏障插入损失预估结果。该方法不但可以方便地预估出声屏障的插入损失 ,而且可以根据实际要求对声屏障折壁角的参数进行优化设计 ,为工程应用提供一种有效的设计依据。     

EVALUATION OF RUNOFF,EROSION, AND PHOSPHORUS MODELING SYSTEM—SIMPLE1

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Spatially Integrated Models for Phosphorus Loading and Erosion (SIMPLE) in predicting runoff volume, sediment loss, and phosphorus loading from two watersheds. The modeling system was applied to the 334 ha QOD subwatershed, part of the Owl Run watershed, located in Fauquier County, Virginia, and to the 2240 ha watershed, Battle Branch, located in Delaware County, Oklahoma. Simulation runs were conducted at cell and field scales, and simulation results were compared with observed data. Runoff volume and dissolved phosphorus loading were measured at the Battle Branch watershed. Runoff volume, sediment yield, and total phosphorus loading were measured at the QOD site. SIMPLE tended to underestimate runoff volumes during the dormant period, from November to March. The comparison between observed and predicted dissolved phosphorus showed better correlation than for observed and predicted total phosphorus loading. Cell level simulations provided similar estimates of runoff volume and phosphorus loading when compared to field level simulations for both watersheds. However, observed sediment yields better compared with the values predicted from the cell level simulation when compared to field level simulation. Finally, results of model evaluation indicated that SIMPLE's predictive ability is acceptable for screening applications but not for site-specific quantitative predictions.