高压凝析气田气井安全控保系统设置

雅克拉气田单井具有高温、高压、高CO2腐蚀等特点,安全生产风险大。为将天然气生产控制在安全状态,预防安全环保伤害事故发生,必须对各种风险加以控制。分析了影响雅克拉气田安全生产的主要风险,提出消减风险的安全控制保障系统三级控制模式,论述了系统结构及各子系统技术原理,阐述了系统消减风险的方法和手段,对系统的新颖功能、特性、优点进行了总结。     

冷喷涂Ni/Al2O3复合涂层在海洋大气环境下的腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究海洋大气环境对冷喷涂Ni/Al2O3复合涂层腐蚀损伤行为的影响,为提高合金钢的耐腐蚀性能提供依据.方法 采用冷喷涂技术在合金钢30CrMnSi表面制备Ni/Al2O3复合涂层,在万宁近海岸户外和海洋平台分别暴露6个月后,采用扫描电镜、电化学工作站等分析检测技术,研究Ni/Al2O3复合涂层在万宁海洋大气环境下...     

好氧细菌降低油田采出水对管钢腐蚀的研究

运用Tafel曲线、线性极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学技术研究了序批式间歇反应器(SBR)中嗜油好氧细菌对J55油套管钢在油田采出水中腐蚀行为的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)分析了腐蚀膜的形貌和成分,采用失重法测量了动态腐蚀速率.结果表明,嗜油好氧细菌加入后,J55油套管钢试样表面所成腐蚀膜的组分发生了变化,腐蚀膜的致密性增强,膜与钢基体之间的结合力增大;好氧细菌的加入显著降低了J55钢在采出水中的腐蚀速率,有菌条件下的腐蚀速率是无菌条件下的40%.此外,还对嗜油好氧菌减缓J55油套管钢在油田采出水中腐蚀速率的机理进行了分析.     

石灰石-石膏湿法吸收系统高效运行的分析

为解决我国日趋严重的大气污染,石灰石-石膏法脱硫技术在电力行业二氧化硫控制上得到广泛应用。为了保证石灰石-石膏法FGD工艺的良好运行,重点从吸收设备结构和操作上分析了影响该法运行的因素,并阐述了保证吸收操作效果的措施,特别是针对腐蚀和结垢堵塞问题提出了解决的观点。     

注空气驱油过程中N80钢的腐蚀规律研究

目的 探明空气驱工艺条件下套管钢的腐蚀规律,为空气驱工况条件下套管钢的腐蚀防护提供数据支撑.方法 采用高温高压失重挂片法评价N80碳钢的腐蚀速度,利用扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段考察金属表面腐蚀产物膜的形态与组成,研究氧分压、温度以及腐蚀时间对注空气驱油过程中N80钢的腐蚀影响.结果 随着氧分压的增加,N80钢的腐蚀速率总...     

Current state and future perspectives of sewer networks in urban China

Sewer network construction is insufficient in China currently. The management for sewer network is very disordered in China. Maintenance is far from enough for current sewer networks in China. China’s top priority for sewer networks is to elevate its overall performance. The new technical route is an optimal option for sewer maintenance in China. Chinese authorities and the public have largely ignored sewer networks; however, various problems are emerging nationwide with the increase construction of new sewers. The current state of sewer network construction, administration, and maintenance in China is comprehensively reviewed in this study. Serving about 444 million people, 511,200 km of sewer lines are located in urban areas. In 2014, $7 billion was invested in sewer network construction. However, both the sewer pervasion rate and the per capita sewer length were significantly lower than those in developed countries. Sewer administrative agencies in local governments are uncoordinated. Laws, regulations, and standards are incomplete, and some practices are unscientific. The future situation of sewer maintenance is extremely grim because sewer corrosion control measures have not been launched. Moreover, inspection and rehabilitation chiefly rely on traditional approaches. In contrast, the overall market share of innovative technologies is very low owing to high cost, funds shortage, and technical limitations. Approaches such as liner inversion cured-in-place pipe, pull-in ultraviolet light cured liners, and spiral wound lining are applied mostly in economically developed regions. According to status and problem analyses, China’s top priority will be to conduct aggressive maintenance work in sewer networks in the future. New technical route, corrosion control - periodic visualized inspection - trenchless rehabilitation, could be the best option for future sewer maintenance in China. Instructions and opportunities for applying this technical route are discussed in detail in this study. Finally, additional factors in the development of sewer networks in China are suggested.     

3 200 m3高炉净循环水系统水质稳定处理

高炉净循环冷却水系统,主要是用于冷却高炉进风口、热风阀等设备.介绍了北方某钢铁厂3 200 m3高炉净循环水系统水质稳定方案.针对高炉现场取水,运用正交试验,结合静态失重法和静态阻垢法筛选使用药剂为双1,6-亚己基三胺五亚甲基磷酸(BHMTPMPA)、分散剂、Zn2 ,并且分别作出所用药剂和筛选出来的配方的极化曲线,讨论其缓蚀原理.最终确定该复合药剂的最佳用药量.     

湿法脱硫改造条件下烟囱防腐的若干技术问题

叙述了扬州二电厂一期脱硫改造过程中烟囱配套的防腐方案,防腐材料选用过程,以及施工过程中的工艺要求,对电站现役机组进行湿法脱硫改造条件下烟囱的防腐技术方案选用和施工有一定的借鉴意义.     

L245A级钢管在湿H_2S环境下的氢致开裂(HIC)与硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)试验研究

管线钢在湿H2S环境下运行必须考虑其抗氢致开裂(HIC)和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)性能,因此,在确保L245A级钢管力学性能合格的前提下,根据NACETM0284—2003和NACETM0177—2005标准,按照L245A级钢管及焊缝所处的不同介质浓度和运行压力设计了8组试验。通过降低介质浓度和运行压力对L245A级钢管在湿硫化氢环境下的抗氢致开裂性能和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂性能(SSCC)进行了试验评定;通过4组试验得出:L245A级钢管在标准湿H2S环境下不会产生氢致开裂,发生硫化物应力腐蚀开裂,在设计条件和工作条件下不发生应力腐蚀开裂的结论。同时笔者对管道在湿H2S环境下的安全运行提出了建议。     

Energy recovery from solid waste fuels using advanced gasification technology

Since the mid-1980s, TPS Termiska Processer AB has been working on the development of an atmospheric-pressure gasification process. A major aim at the start of this work was the generation of fuel gas from indigenous fuels to Sweden (i.e. biomass). As the economic climate changed and awareness of the damage to the environment caused by the use of fossil fuels in power generation equipment increased, the aim of the development work at TPS was changed to applying the process to heat and power generation from feedstocks such as biomass and solid wastes. Compared with modern waste incineration with heat recovery, the gasification process will permit an increase in electricity output of up to 50%. The gasification process being developed is based on an atmospheric-pressure circulating fluidised bed gasifier coupled to a tar-cracking vessel. The gas produced from this process is then cooled and cleaned in conventional equipment. The energy-rich gas produced is clean enough to be fired in a gas boiler (and, in the longer term, in an engine or gas turbine) without requiring extensive flue gas cleaning, as is normally required in conventional waste incineration plants. Producing clean fuel gas in this manner, which facilitates the use of efficient gas-fired boilers, means that overall plant electrical efficiencies of close to 30% can be achieved. TPS has performed a considerable amount of pilot plant testing on waste fuels in their gasification/gas cleaning pilot plant in Sweden. Two gasifiers of TPS design have been in operation in Grève-in-Chianti, Italy since 1992. This plant processes 200 tonnes of RDF (refuse-derived fuel) per day. It is planned that the complete TPS gasification process (including the complete fuel gas cleaning system) be demonstrated in several gas turbine-based biomass-fuelled power generating plants in different parts of the world. It is the aim of TPS to prove, at commercial scale, the technical feasibility and economic advantages of the gasification process when it is applied to solid waste fuels. This aim shall be achieved, in the short-term, by employing the cold clean product gas in a gas boiler and, in the longer-term, by firing the gas in engines and gas turbines. A study for a 90 MWth waste-fuelled co-generation plant in Sweden has shown that, already today, gasification of solid waste can compete economically with conventional incineration technologies.