湿法烟气脱硫关键影响因素及新型单塔双循环技术

分析了石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫(LGWFGD)技术的关键影响因素:液气比、浆液pH值、浆液密度的影响规律,发现在浆液pH值和浆液密度的选择时不能同时满足高脱硫效率和高石膏品质的要求。为解决这一矛盾,提出一种新型的单塔双循环技术,在两个相对独立的浆液循环系统中可以分别调节浆液pH值和浆液密度,使得高脱硫效率和高石膏品质的需求同时得到满足。     

Advanced treatment of wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation

A three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(3D-EC) reactor with introduction of activated carbon(AC) as particle micro-electrodes was applied for the advanced treatment of secondary wastewater effluent of a wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing plant. Under the optimized conditions(current density of 500 A/m~2, circulation rate of 5 mL/min, AC dosage of 50 g, and chloride concentration of 1.0 g/L), the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand(COD_(cr)), NH3–N, total organic carbon(TOC), and ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm(UV_(254)) of the 3D-EC reactor were 64.5%, 60.8%, 46.4%, and 64.8%, respectively; while the corresponding effluent concentrations of COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) were 76.6, 20.1, and42.5 mg/L, and 0.08 Abs/cm, respectively. The effluent concentration of COD_(cr) was less than 100 mg/L, which showed that the treated wastewater satisfied the demand of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978-1996). The 3D-EC process remarkably improved the treatment efficiencies with synergistic effects for COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) during the stable stage of 44.5%, 38.8%, 27.2%, and 10.9%, respectively, as compared with the sum of the efficiencies of a two-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(2D-EC) reactor and an AC adsorption process, which was ascribed to the numerous micro-electrodes of AC in the 3D-EC reactor. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis revealed that electrochemical treatment did not generate more toxic organics, and it was proved that the increase in acute biotoxicity was caused primarily by the production of free chlorine.     

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成系统脱汞研究

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成处理系统是专门针对典型含汞废物安全处置而开发的,可以同时有效控制汞等多种复合气体污染物。通过检测热解炉后烟气中和等离子体反应器入口、出口气体中Hg0和Hg2+浓度,研究汞的价态转化及添加剂对脱汞效果的影响。结果表明:热解烟气中Hg2+/HgT为17%~45%,Hg0/HgT为55%~83%,热解温度主要影响汞价态分布,WMC添加量主要影响汞浓度值;加入添加剂会促进汞的脱除,但添加剂过量不利于汞的氧化;热解炉中添加50 g WMC和5 g升华硫添加剂时,反应器内Hg0氧化率和总汞损失率分别可达55%和42%。该研究可以为探索新型含汞废物处置工艺,实现含汞废物深度净化提供新思路。     

化学氧化耦合电动力技术修复有机污染土壤

有机污染物严重危害着我国土壤环境。探讨了电动力技术修复有机污染土壤的可行性及相关参数的变化特性,并探究了电动力修复耦合化学氧化工艺及表面活性剂辅助等多种措施对修复效果的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂辅助反应可帮助提高有机污染物溶解性与迁移性能,从而提高修复效果;采用KMn O4氧化耦合电动力工艺修复受污染高岭土时有着最佳的修复效率,污染物平均去除率可达70%。     

A review of textile industry: Wet processing,environmental impacts,and effluent treatment methods

The word “textile” means to weave and was taken from the Latin word “texere.” Nowadays, textiles not only fulfill humankind's basic necessity for clothing, they also allow individuals to make fashion statements. As one of the oldest industries, the textile industry occupies a unique place in India. It is responsible for 14% of the total industrial manufacture in India. However, the textile industry is also considered to be one of the biggest threats to the environment. Pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing operations are among the various stages of the industrial textile manufacturing process. These fabrication operations not only utilize huge quantities of power and water, they also generate considerable amounts of waste. The textile industry utilizes a number of dyes, chemicals, and other materials to impart the required qualities to the fabrics. These operations produce a significant amount of effluents. The quality of effluents is such that they cannot be put to other uses, and they can create environmental problems if they are disposed of without appropriate treatment. This review discusses different textile processing stages, pollution problems associated with these stages, and their eco‐friendly alternatives. Textile wet processing is described in detail, as it is the key process in the industry and it also generates the greatest amount of pollutants in textile processing. The environmental impact of textile effluents is discussed, as textile effluents not only impose negative effects on the quality of water and soil, they also imperil plant and animal health. In this paper, various methods for treating textile effluents are described. Discussion of physical, chemical, biological, and advanced treatment technologies of effluent treatment are included in this paper.     

大尺寸结构振动试验系统浅析

研究总结了大尺寸结构振动试验系统现状与振动试验方法,解决随着振动试件尺寸的增大而出现的振动试验加载安装尺寸不足和单台振动台推力不足等问题。对国内外主要可靠性试验室针对大尺寸振动试验采取的方法和技术进行了研究和总结,分析与比较不同技术和方法对于解决问题的优劣,并介绍了采用不同方法进行大尺寸结构试件振动试验案例。总结并介绍了大尺寸结构产品振动试验系统,并对未来大尺寸结构产品振动试验系统的发展进行了展望。     

TC4钛合金厚板电偶腐蚀与防护研究

目的研究TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢之间发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性。方法通过测定TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢组成的电偶对的电偶电流方法,研究TC4钛合金厚板与上述异种材料之间发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性。结果 TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢接触时极易发生电偶腐蚀,不能直接接触使用,必须采取有效的防护措施。对钛合金和铝合金进行阳极氧化处理,可降低电偶腐蚀敏感性;对钛合金进行阳极氧化处理,同时对钢进行电镀镉-钛处理可以在一定程度上降低电偶腐蚀敏感性。结论 TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金及钢的电偶腐蚀敏感性高,表面处理可以有效降低异种材料的电偶腐蚀敏感性。     

含硫废水受控氧化及单质硫团聚过程研究

采用过氧化氢在常温常压下对模拟含硫废水进行受控氧化,探讨了受控氧化过程对单质硫收率的影响,并对氧化过程中固相产物的形态特性进行了研究.结果表明,在过氧化氢投加量为9 m L·L-1、初始p H为6、反应时间为10min条件下,将反应体系氧化还原电位(ORP)控制在(30±5)m V时能较好实现含硫废水的受控氧化,此时单质硫收率达76.35%,当体系ORP由(-50±5)m V升高至(50±5)m V时,副产物S2O2-3收率显著下降,由26.54%下降至5.32%.X射线衍射分析表明,氧化过程中的固相产物主要为正交晶系斜方硫;扫描电子显微镜分析表明,液相中的单质硫由多个极小的颗粒聚集而成,其粒径由纳米级逐渐增大至微米级.同时,通过向反应体系中加入分散剂证明了单质硫颗粒增大的主要原因是颗粒间发生了团聚.     

柠檬酸对核电站低放废液中110mAg吸附去除性能的影响

具有γ放射性的~(110m)Ag是核电站放射性废液中的主要核素之一,半衰期长,并且可以通过食物链在海洋生物中富集,研究其高效去除技术具有重要的意义.核电站化学去污过程加入的络合剂(如柠檬酸)对~(110m)Ag的化学形态和吸附性能有重要的影响.因此,本文首先模拟核电站水化学环境,研究了柠檬酸对~(110m)Ag化学形态的影响规律,其次研究了不同形态的~(110m)Ag物种在几种优选材料上的吸附性能.结果表明,由于核电站放射性废液的来源不同,柠檬酸与~(110m)Ag同时形成离子态络合物和~(110m)Ag0/柠檬酸纳米金属复合物;采用过氧化氢与紫外线联合高级氧化的方法能够破坏柠檬酸络合离子及~(110m)Ag0/柠檬酸复合物结构,形成单独的离子态~(110m)Ag+,从而有效地提高了~(110m)Ag物种的吸附去除性能.     

Layered sphere-shaped TiO2 capped with gold nanoparticles on structural defects and their catalysis of formaldehyde oxidation

We describe here a one-step method for the synthesis of Au/TiO₂ nanosphere materials, which were formed by layered deposition of multiple anatase TiO₂ nanosheets. The Au nanoparticles were stabilized by structural defects in each TiO₂ nanosheet, including crystal steps and edges, thereby fixing the Au–TiO₂ perimeter interface. Reactant transfer occurred along the gaps between these TiO₂ nanosheet layers and in contact with catalytically active sites at the Au–TiO₂ interface. The doped Au induced the formation of oxygen vacancies in the Au–TiO₂ interface. Such vacancies are essential for generating active oxygen species (*O⁻) on the TiO₂ surface and Ti^3 + ions in bulk TiO₂. These ions can then form Ti^3 +–O⁻–Ti^4 + species, which are known to enhance the catalytic activity of formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation. These studies on structural and oxygen vacancy defects in Au/TiO₂ samples provide a theoretical foundation for the catalytic mechanism of HCHO oxidation on oxide-supported Au materials.