对前有综合池的污水湿地处理规模的研究

对于前有综合池的雨污合流市政雨水管道水体的湿地处理措施的适宜规模,采用在潜流湿地中埋设土壤溶液采集器的陶瓷头,在不同位置取水监测的方法来探讨。从土壤溶液采集器的取水结果来看,若忽略陶瓷头对SS的过滤作用及SS与其他污染物的相关性带来的对其他污染物的过滤作用,除个别情况外,几乎所有位置的污染物出水浓度均能达到北京市地方标准DB11/307-2005水污染物排放标准中的一级B限值要求。因此,可以初步确定,若以DB11/307-2005水污染物排放标准中的一级B限值要求为出水目标,上述水质水量的来水对应的试验所设计的潜流湿地的处理规模为:长度方向为距离进水口10m,深度方向为距离上表面20cm。湿地的设计面积以及填料深度的最终确定有待进一步研究。     

基于生态服务的城乡景观生态安全格局的构建

以安徽淮北市为例,针对城市发展所造成的城乡生态环境品质降低等问题,期望通过景观生态安全格局的构建,维护区域生态系统健康与稳定。文章基于生态系统服务和景观生态安全格局理论,利用生态服务功能价值评价以及耗费距离模型等分析方法,通过模拟重要生态廊道,与现有廊道进行对比,发现问题并提出优化策略,优化城市景观结构与功能,改善城乡生态系统服务。研究结果表明,淮北城市森林在空间上的衔接性不高;研究区域内众多湿地没有足够的廊道相连,尚未形成良好的湿地生态网络;主城区交通廊道密度较高,但连接度不够,乡村地区交通廊道分布较少且稀疏。因而进行城乡景观生态安全格局的构建十分重要和必要。研究结果可为淮北生态城市建设提供一定的参考,为其他相关研究提供思路和方法上的借鉴。     

饮用水源人工湿地运行初期水生植物繁衍研究

研究了大规模的城市饮用水源人工湿地运行初期水生植物繁衍特性和改进措施.建立了嘉兴市石臼漾生态湿地水生维管束植物名录,分析了水生植物的种类、分布面积、群落结构和生物量,目的旨在揭示石臼漾湿地运行初期其水生植物繁衍情况和群落结构特征,探讨水生植被的优化管理措施.石臼漾湿地现存水生维管束植物共计25科41属49种,远超过初始...     

Effect of artificial aeration on the performance of vertical-flow constructed wetland treating heavily polluted river water

Three lab-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), including the non-aerated (NA), intermittently aerated (IA) and continuously aerated (CA) ones, were operated at different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) to evaluate the effect of artificial aeration on the treatment efficiency of heavily polluted river water. Results indicated that artificial aeration increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in IA and CA, which significantly favored the removal of organic matter and NH₄⁺-N. The DO grads caused by intermittent aeration formed aerobic and anoxic regions in IA and thus promoted the removal of total nitrogen (TN). Although the removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N and TN in the three VFCWs all decreased with an increase in HLR, artificial aeration enhanced the reactor resistance to the fluctuation of pollutant loadings. The maximal removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N and total phosphorus (TP) (i.e., 81%, 87% and 37%, respectively) were observed in CA at 19 cm/day HLR, while the maximal TN removal (i.e., 57%) was achieved in IA. Although the improvement of artificial aeration on TP removal was limited, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of applying artificial aeration to VFCWs treating polluted river water, particularly at a high HLR.     

碱蓬湿地CH4排放通量及影响因素研究

2008年4月至10月,以辽河口碱蓬湿地为研究区域,采用静态箱—气相色谱法对CH4排放通量进行了原位测定,分析了碱蓬湿地CH4排放通量的季节变化特征,同时研究了地表温度、土壤有机质含量及碱蓬的地上生物量对排放通量的影响。结果表明,碱蓬湿地是CH4的排放源,CH4排放呈单峰型变化趋势,7月排放通量最大为55.29μg/(m2.h)。CH4排放通量与土壤温度、土壤有机质含量及碱蓬地上生物量密切相关。CH4排放通量与地表温度之间呈显著的指数相关关系;土壤有机质含量及碱蓬地上生物量的变化与CH4排放通量的季节变化呈二次正相关关系。     

人工湿地在汾河中下游生态修复工程设计中的应用

针对汾河中下游河水污染以及物种多样性减少等生态问题,采用人工湿地技术对流域内水质及生态系统进行修复。以小店区工程为重点段,结合人工湿地在该区域内工程设计中的应用,提出设计中的注意事项,为其他地区河道生态修复工程设计提供参考。     

香根草人工湿地处理生活污水的试验研究

通过建立香根草人工湿地系统,研究该系统对生活污水的COD、TP、TN的处理效果以及系统的耐污性。在水力停留时间（HRT）为6h的条件下,COD、TP、TN的去除率分别为63.5%、88.3%、72.4%。研究表明,香根草人工湿地系统对城镇生活污水具有较好的净化效果,且系统在该试验条件下耐污性良好。     

滇池湿地环境影响评价指标体系研究

根据压力-状态-响应（Pressure-State-Response,PSR）框架模型,针对滇池目前生态环境问题,以滇池为对象、生态环境影响源为压力,构建滇池湿地环境影响评价指标体系;采用ANP结构模型,进行滇池湿地环境影响评价指标权重分析,并利用模糊综合分析对结果进行评估,在此基础上,确定滇池湿地环境影响评价指标的指标权重。     

泉州湾河口湿地土壤硝化细菌的数量变化

为了解硝化细菌在泉州湾湿地中不同区域和不同植被土壤中的数量变化规律,应用实时荧光定量PCR方法分别对不同红树林植被土壤中的硝化杆菌属、硝化螺菌属、亚硝化单胞菌属进行鉴定和相对定量。结果表明:不同区域和不同植被土壤中三属硝化细菌相对数量有显著差异,有植被土壤高于空地和裸地;在有植被的土壤中,白骨壤下土壤最低;原生桐花树的硝化螺菌属数量明显高于其他植被土壤,互花米草的硝化杆菌属和亚硝化单胞菌属数量明显都高于红树林植被土壤。硝化细菌数量变化与植被类型和土壤的理化因子有关。     

Visual Climate Change Communication: From Iconography to Locally Framed 3D Visualization

Climate change is an urgent problem with implications registered not only globally, but also on national and local scales. It is a particularly challenging case of environmental communication because its main cause, greenhouse gas emissions, is invisible. The predominant approach of making climate change visible is the use of iconic, often affective, imagery. Literature on the iconography of climate change shows that global iconic motifs, such as polar bears, have contributed to a public perception of the problem as spatially and temporally remote. This paper proposes an alternative approach to global climate change icons by focusing on recognizable representations of local impacts within an interactive game environment. This approach was implemented and tested in a research project based on the municipality of Delta, British Columbia. A major outcome of the research is Future Delta, an interactive educational game featuring 3D visualizations and simulation tools for climate change adaptation and mitigation future scenarios. The empirical evaluation is based on quantitative pre/post-game play questionnaires with 18 students and 10 qualitative expert interviews. The findings support the assumption that interactive 3D imagery is effective in communicating climate change. The quantitative post-questionnaires particularly highlight a shift in support of more local responsibility.