轿车前制动噪声降噪方案研究

本文针对轿车出现的前制动噪声问题进行了研究和改进,以及采取改进方案后是否会对制动性能造成影响进行了系统的阐述。     

T213数值预报产品对云南秋季强降水预报能力检验

利用Micaps系统下的T213数值预报产品从环流背景、散度场、温度场、水汽通量和降水预报对2005年10月29日云南中部及以南地区暴雨天气进行分析,结果表明:T213数值预报UV场对这次强降水的中低层影响系统切变的位置作了准确预报,强降水区的预报范围与实况接近,散度场、温度场、水汽通量对强降水天气有较好的预报指示意义.     

对选矿厂生产性粉尘的治理措施

本文介绍了某钢选矿厂破碎车间治理粉尘污染所采用的密闭、加湿机械除尘、改造除尘器、高压静电除尘及湿式除尘等方法收到的效果,     

矿用润湿型压裂液的制备与性能分析*

为有效减少煤矿开采时粉尘的生成量,降低综采区粉尘含量。基于自由基聚合和季铵化反应制备1种润湿型压裂液。通过单因素实验,确定最优配比是200 mL水,5 g油酸,0.3 g过硫酸钾,3 g N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,2 mL环氧氯丙烷,2 g氯化钾和2 g水杨酸钠。对压裂液的反应过程、微观结构、剪切黏度、剪切稳定性、滤失性、润湿型性和清洁性进行研究。研究结果表明:该压裂液具有较高的剪切黏度和较佳的剪切稳定性,有利于注入煤层;具有较低的滤失性,便于压裂造缝;具有良好的润湿能力,能够有效地渗透到煤层中去;具有残渣含量少等特点,清洁性良好。     

综采放顶煤工作面过地质构造时架前冒顶控制技术探讨

综采放顶煤工作面遇到地质构造时冒顶频繁,控顶困难,严重影响采煤工作面的安全生产和经济效益。通过对工作面架前冒顶原因进行深入分析及对工作面遇地质构造时架前冒顶防治进行不断探索,在技术和管理上形成了一整套切实可行的管理方法,在遇地质构造期间,通过采用有效手段便可保证综放支架安全通过地质构造。以伯方煤矿二盘区3207工作面工程实际为例,运用具体技术和管理措施,使工作面安全通过地质构造断层。该方法可为类似构造煤层的安全开采提供参考。     

Optimal water quality monitoring network design for river systems

Typical tasks of a river monitoring network design include the selection of the water quality parameters, selection of sampling and measurement methods for these parameters, identification of the locations of sampling stations and determination of the sampling frequencies. These primary design considerations may require a variety of objectives, constraints and solutions. In this study we focus on the optimal river water quality monitoring network design aspect of the overall monitoring program and propose a novel methodology for the analysis of this problem. In the proposed analysis, the locations of sampling sites are determined such that the contaminant detection time is minimized for the river network while achieving maximum reliability for the monitoring system performance. Altamaha river system in the State of Georgia, USA is chosen as an example to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The results show that the proposed model can be effectively used for the optimal design of monitoring networks in river systems.     

新型表面活性剂溶液对煤尘的润湿性能研究

研究一种自制的聚醚改性硅油类新型表面活性剂(代号JCS-001)溶液对煤尘的润湿性能.Walker实验结果表明,JCS-001溶液润湿煤尘的能力非常强,尤其在临界胶束浓度(CMC)范围内,其润湿性能均大大优于SDBS和TX-100;同时研究了加入氯化钠以及与SDBS或TX-100复配等因素对JCS-001溶液润湿性能的影响,实验结果表明,当JCS-001与SDBS以3:2复配(总浓度为0.5g·L-1)时,所得混合溶液对煤尘的润湿效果达到最佳,最大润湿速度为9.84 mg/s.     

穗港晴沙两重天——2010年3月17—23日珠三角典型灰霾过程分析

随着经济规模迅速扩大和城市化进程加快,大气气溶胶污染日趋严重,由细粒子气溶胶造成的能见度恶化事件越来越多,这些人类活动排放的污染物,可形成灰霾天气致使能见度下降.2010年3月17-23日,在珠三角地区发生了一次典型灰霾天气过程,同期20日左右,中亚、蒙古国与我国北方发生了当年沙尘天气影响范围最广的一次强沙尘暴过程,冷...     

A virtual test system representing the distribution of pedestrian impact configurations for future vehicle front-end optimization

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to define a computationally efficient virtual test system (VTS) to assess the aggressivity of vehicle front-end designs to pedestrians considering the distribution of pedestrian impact configurations for future vehicle front-end optimization. The VTS should represent real-world impact configurations in terms of the distribution of vehicle impact speeds, pedestrian walking speeds, pedestrian gait, and pedestrian height. The distribution of injuries as a function of body region, vehicle impact speed, and pedestrian size produced using this VTS should match the distribution of injuries observed in the accident data. The VTS should have the predictive ability to distinguish the aggressivity of different vehicle front-end designs to pedestrians.

Methods: The proposed VTS includes 2 parts: a simulation test sample (STS) and an injury weighting system (IWS). The STS was defined based on MADYMO multibody vehicle to pedestrian impact simulations accounting for the range of vehicle impact speeds, pedestrian heights, pedestrian gait, and walking speed to represent real world impact configurations using the Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS) and anthropometric data. In total 1,300 impact configurations were accounted for in the STS. Three vehicle shapes were then tested using the STS. The IWS was developed to weight the predicted injuries in the STS using the estimated proportion of each impact configuration in the PCDS accident data. A weighted injury number (WIN) was defined as the resulting output of the VTS. The WIN is the weighted number of average Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ injuries recorded per impact simulation in the STS. Then the predictive capability of the VTS was evaluated by comparing the distributions of AIS 2+ injuries to different pedestrian body regions and heights, as well as vehicle types and impact speeds, with that from the PCDS database. Further, a parametric analysis was performed with the VTS to assess the sensitivity of the injury predictions to changes in vehicle shape (type) and stiffness to establish the potential for using the VTS for future vehicle front-end optimization.

Results: An STS of 1,300 multibody simulations and an IWS based on the distribution of impact speed, pedestrian height, gait stance, and walking speed is broadly capable of predicting the distribution of pedestrian injuries observed in the PCDS database when the same vehicle type distribution as the accident data is employed. The sensitivity study shows significant variations in the WIN when either vehicle type or stiffness is altered.

Conclusions: Injury predictions derived from the VTS give a good representation of the distribution of injuries observed in the PCDS and distinguishing ability on the aggressivity of vehicle front-end designs to pedestrians. The VTS can be considered as an effective approach for assessing pedestrian safety performance of vehicle front-end designs at the generalized level. However, the absolute injury number is substantially underpredicted by the VTS, and this needs further development.     

Na2SO4改善阴离子表面活性剂湿润煤尘性能的研究

本从实验和理论两方面研究了硫酸钠（Na2SO4)改善阴离子表面活性剂溶液湿润煤尘的过程。结果表明,试验用的3种阴离子表面活性剂溶液添加Na2SO4后,对难湿润煤尘的湿润能力均有很大改善。对浓度较低的表面活性剂溶液,Na2SO4起的湿润作用更大。添加Na2SO4改善阴离子表面活性剂溶液湿润能力的主要原因有：（1）表面活性剂或添加Na2O4的表面活性剂复合物降低了水的表面张力;（2）煤尘表面的疏水晶格吸附表面活性剂产生亲水作用;（3）SO4^2-吸附在煤尘表面的亲水晶格上使其保持亲水性;（4）在煤尘疏水晶格上的表面活性剂分子密实填充作用改善其亲水性;（5）在已吸附有表面活性剂的煤尘表面上继续吸附表面活性剂形成半胶束,恢复其亲水性。当表面活性剂使溶液的表面张力降低到临界值以下时,溶液的表面张力对湿润能力不再起重要作用,此时起主导作用的因素是（2）和（3）,其次是（4）和（5）。由于用Na2SO4和低浓度的表面活性剂几乎可以达到单一高浓度表面活性剂的效果,而且Na2SO4的价格比各种表面活性剂的价格要低得多,用添加部分Na2SO4的方法减少表面活性剂的用量,可以大大节约湿润剂的成本。