荷电水雾除尘器捕尘效率的实验研究

实验分析了影响荷电水雾除尘器除尘效率的主要因素,在此基础上提出了一种新的除尘效率数学模型,该模型明确地表达了过滤风速、喷雾量以及雾滴荷质比对除尘效率的贡献情况。对实验结果及数学模型的分析表明,对于带有振弦栅的荷电水雾除尘系统,喷雾量对除尘效率的影响比过滤风速及荷质比更为显著,新除尘效率模型的提出对指导生产具有重要意义。实验中同时确定了荷电水雾除尘器最佳操作参数,在粉尘入口浓度为412 mg/m3的情况下,当过滤风速为16 m/s,喷雾量为12×10-3 m3/min,雾滴荷质为3.5×10-4 c/kg时,除尘效率可达99.5%。     

瘤胃液用于玉米秸秆产酸的影响因素

以瘤胃液为接种物对秸秆进行批式实验,研究了发酵时间、发酵温度与接种比对秸秆发酵产酸的影响。发酵3 d后,发酵液的pH、VFA浓度、SCOD浓度与产气量基本达到稳定值,分别为6.66±0.02、（6 321±45）mg·L-1、（10 523±273）mg·L-1与（1 351±41）mL,反应基本结束;相比其他温度,在39℃时,VS转化率与VFA产率达到最大值,分别为（46.7±2.3）%与（291±4）mg·g-1（以VS计）,发酵液的最终pH也达到最小值7.19±0.03;随着接种比从0.47减小到0.09,VFA产量从（5 704±46）mg·L-1升高到（9 633±143）mg·L-1,但是VS转化率、最终pH与VFA产率分别从（58.5±0.8）%、6.54±0.00与（603±5）mg·L-1下降到（26.6±3.4）%、5.44±0.04与（204±3）mg·L-1,其中0.16为极限接种比,当接种比低于该值时,总产气量不再增加。     

4种表面活性剂及其混合物对p,p'-DDT污染土壤洗脱效果

为了研究表面活性剂对p,p'-DDT污染土壤的淋洗效果,选取了4种阴、非离子表面活性剂,对人工p,p'-DDT污染土壤进行单一和复配洗脱实验。结果表明,对于人工p,p'-DDT污染土壤,阴离子表面活性剂洗脱效果优于非离子表面活性剂,其中阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和鼠李糖脂（RL）的洗脱效果较好,添加量为15 000 mg·L-1时洗脱率分别达到44.5%和36.5%,均优于非离子表面活性剂吐温80（TW80）（30.4%）和曲拉通100（TR100）（20.3%）;研究还表明非离子表面活性剂在添加量达到10 000 mg·L-1后,继续增加表面活性剂浓度,洗脱效果提升不明显。混合表面活性剂体系中,总添加量为10 000 mg·L-1时,SDS-TW80混合体系对p,p'-DDT的洗脱率为42%,高于SDS-TR100（34.9%）、RL-TW80（33.4%）和RL-TR100（37.4%）,表面活性剂混合体系对于p,p'-DDT的淋洗有明显的协同作用。     

碱法麦草浆漂白废水脱色白腐菌的筛选及脱色研究

从腐木上采集,经多次分离纯化筛选出2株具有较高漂白废水脱色能力的菌株F7、F9,与Phanerochaete Chrysosporium在相同的条件下处理碱法麦草浆CE段混合漂白废水,培养4d脱色率分别为74．44％,46．67％和62．22％。延长培养时间至第8d,F7菌脱色效果不明显,而F9菌脱色可增至67．58％。     

造纸黑液木质素利用研究进展

本文对造纸黑液木质素利用研究现状进行了综述。内容包括木质素在肥料、混凝土减水剂、燃煤、水处理、石油开采、木材胶粘剂、橡胶补强剂和香兰素合成等方面的应用概况。这些技术成果是木质素工业化利用的重要基础。木质素来源丰富 ,具有优良的理化特性和广阔的应用前景 ,加强研究与应用开发对促进资源充分利用、环境保护与制浆造纸协调持续发展意义重大。     

Simultaneous and direct determination of glyphosate and AMPA in water samples from the hydroponic cultivation of eucalyptus seedlings using HPLC-ICP-MS/MS

Abstract

Glyphosate is the main herbicide currently used in the world due to wide applicability and efficiency in controlling weeds in many crops. However, its overuse may lead to undesirable impacts on the environment and to human health in the long run. This present study aimed to optimize and validate solid phase extraction (SPE) using an anionic resin for the simultaneous and direct determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-ICP-MS/MS). The results showed that recovery percentage and relative standard deviation were 103.9?±?7.9 and 99.40?±?9.9% for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The validation certified that the method was precise, accurate, linear, and selective, with a limit of quantification of 1.09 and 0.29?μg L^?1 for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The optimized methodology reached the concentration factor of 250 times and was successfully applied to analyze water samples from hydroponic cultivation of the eucalyptus seedlings. The results showed that the exudation process occurs at glyphosate doses starting from 2?L ha^?1.     

亚氧化钛纳米管阳极对水中甲萘威的电化学降解

为探究电化学阳极氧化技术降解水中甲萘威的效率和能耗,通过电化学氧化-自掺杂还原法制备了高活性亚氧化钛纳米管(Ti/Ti₄O₇-NTA)阳极,比较了其与Ti/Ti₄O₇、Ti/Ti₄O₇-PbO₂-Ce阳极电化学降解甲萘威活性;考察了电流密度、甲萘威初始质量浓度、电解质种类、溶液初始pH等参数对甲萘威降解率的影响;分析了甲萘威电化学反应能耗和电流效率。结果表明：Ti/Ti₄O₇-NTA阳极电化学活性较高,电化学降解甲萘威效率和溶液总有机碳去除率可达96.1%和80.2%;在pH为3~11时,甲萘威降解率为88.8%~92.1%,降解率随电流密度增大而增大,随初始质量浓度增大而减小;甲萘威电化学反应能耗和电流效率分别为215.3 kWh和66.1%。由此可知,Ti/Ti₄O₇-NTA阳极应用于电化学氧化处理有机农药废水具有良好潜力。本研究成果可为电化学氧化技术处理有机农药废水提供参考。     

减少氮、磷损失,控制其对环境污染的途径

本文从改进肥料施用技术、改性现有肥料、阻断农田氮磷损失的物理和化学措施、运用生物学途径以及植物生长调节物质等方面综述了当前提高氮、磷肥料利用效率,减少氮、磷对环境污染的途径.     

Extraction of arsenic in a synthetic arsenic-contaminated soil using phosphate

An environment-friendly and cost-effective extraction method has been studied for the removal of arsenic from contaminated soil. A yellow-brown forest soil was contaminated with arsenic(V) and used as a model soil. Among various potassium and sodium salts, potassium phosphate was most effective in extracting arsenic, attaining more than 40% extraction in the pH range of 6–8 with minimum damage to the soil properties. Exchange mechanism is proposed for the extraction of arsenic from soil by phosphate. Sequential extraction shows that phosphate is effective in extracting arsenic of Al- and Fe-bound forms. Arsenic of residual form was not extracted. Arsenic was efficiently extracted by phosphate solution of pH 6.0 at 300 mM phosphate concentration and at 40°C.     

应用立塔式静电除雾器净化宝钢冷轧厂酸洗工艺段酸雾的实践

1998年末 ,鞍山静电技术研究设计院研制的静电除雾器在上海宝山钢铁公司冷轧厂首次应用 ,取得了非常理想的净化效果。本文概述了酸雾对该厂 2 0 30CM0 1酸洗工艺段的危害 ,并对静电除雾器的工作原理、净化过程、设计特点和现场使用等方面作出了系统论述。