微量元素对白腐真菌的生长影响和抑制酵母菌效果的研究

采用振荡培养方式研究了微量元素对白腐真菌生长以及在非灭菌环境下对液体培养基抑制酵母菌的影响,结果表明,在灭菌环境培养方式下投加含有铁元素的微量元素液体培养基培养的菌丝球大小和数量均优于不含铁但含有其它微量元素液体培养基,而不含铁的液体培养基又优于不投加任何微量元素液体培养基;如果采用灭菌环境培养后在非灭菌环境降解染料方式,则不含微量元素和含其它微量元素但不含铁的液体培养基培养的白腐真菌在非灭菌环境对染料的脱色效果与灭菌环境得到的结果基本相当,而铁浓度为3.5 mg/L液体培养基培养的白腐真菌的脱色效果不如灭菌环境得到的结果,并且镜检发现铁浓度为3.5 mg/L液体培养基中感染的酵母菌的量要多于不含铁元素液体培养基和不投加任何微量元素培养体系.微量元素铁在抑制酵母菌生长方面具有很重要的作用,同时铁元素又是白腐真菌生长所必需的,只要在不影响白腐真菌生长的前提下,合理调控培养基中的铁浓度,就有可能达到抑制酵母菌的目的.     

风浪扰动下的太湖悬浮物实验与模拟

采用太湖湖区底泥,根据波浪水槽实验总结了各种扰动强度下太湖底泥的起动切应力.波浪水槽可以系统地模拟太湖常见的波浪强度.通过实验确定了太湖底泥的临界切应力为0.050 Pa,采用国外先进的FVCOM模型计算模拟了太湖流场和悬浮物分布并和太湖实测资料进行了对比,结果较为合理,证明了模型的有效性.由于目前太湖的野外监测资料存在较明显的时空不一致性.模型参数率定的精度受到了较大影响,太湖悬浮物与太湖底泥的内源释放以及水体的透明度有较大关系,因此通过室内实验研究太湖的悬浮物规律对太湖的富营养化治理具有重要意义.     

拜耳赤泥制备聚硅酸硫酸铝铁及絮凝效果评价

以拜耳法赤泥为原料,采用硫酸浸取的方法浸出铝和铁,通过加入硅酸钠溶液制备出高效絮凝剂聚合硅酸硫酸铝铁(PSAFS)。研究考察了制备聚合硅酸硫酸铝铁的酸浸工艺参数,并评价了其絮凝效果。结果表明,硫酸浓度35%,液固比5.5 mL/g,酸浸温度90℃,酸浸时间2.0 h为最佳酸浸条件,由此制备的PSAFS对综合污水浊度、COD、总磷和总磷酸盐的去除率分别达到61.7%、61.8%、81.7%和81.1%。对比试验表明,该絮凝剂与市售PAC、PFC相比具有相当或更优的污染物去除效果,且形成的絮体具有粗大、致密的特点。该工艺为拜耳法赤泥的综合利用开辟了一条新途径。     

工业固废基地聚合物的制备及其吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的性能

地聚合物(GP)具有三维立体网状结构,对重金属有良好的吸附性能,通常由偏高岭土等制得,但利用工业固体废物制备GP及探究其吸附性能的研究还相对较少.因此,本研究以煤矸石掺杂赤泥作为原料制备GP,采用酸溶法探究在不同制备条件下GP各组分的变化及其与重金属吸附性能的关系,同时评估其浸出毒性.结果表明,在未加外源硅的情况下,GP对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能会随着凝胶含量的增加而提升,而外源硅则可以促进原料中Al₂O₃的溶出,改变凝胶的性质,进而提升其吸附性能.同时,相较于NaOH和NaOH+NaAlO₂激活剂,采用NaOH+Na₂SiO₃激活剂制备得到的GP对重金属的吸附性能更优异,理论最大吸附量达到137.7 mg·g^-1.GP对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附以化学吸附为主,符合二级动力学规律,吸附过程也很好地符合Langmuir等温方程.另外,GP可以有效地固化原材料中的重金属,减少其浸出.XRD等分析表明,煤矸石掺杂赤泥作为原料可以制备具有良好重金属吸附性能的G...     

Precise regulation of acid pretreatment for red mud SCR catalyst: Targeting on optimizing the acidity and reducibility

• The optimum SCR activity was realized by tuning the acid pretreatment. • Optimized catalysts showed NO_x conversion above 90%. • The NH₃ and NO adsorption capacity of Al-O₃-Fe is stronger than Fe-O₃-Fe. • The formation of almandine consumes Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ and weakens their interaction. Red mud (RM), as an alkaline waste, was recently proved to be a promising substitute for the SCR catalyst. Dealkalization could improve the acidity and reducibility of red mud, which were critical for SCR reaction. However, the dealkalization effect depended on the reaction between acid solution and red mud. In this study, we realized the directional control of the chemical state of active sites through tuning the acid pretreatment (dealkalization) process. The pretreatment endpoint was controlled at pH values of 3–5 with diluted nitric acid. When the pH values of red mud were 3 and 5 (CRM-3 and CRM-5), activated catalysts showed NO_x conversion above 90% at 275°C–475°C. The high initial reaction rate, Ce³⁺/(Ce³⁺ + Ce⁴⁺) ratio, and surface acidity accounted for the excellent SCR performance of CRM-5 catalyst. Meanwhile, more Fe³⁺ on the CRM-3 surface improved the NH₃ adsorption. There was a strong interaction between Al and Fe in both CRM-5 and CRM-3 catalysts. DFT results showed that the adsorption capacity of the Al-O₃-Fe for NH₃ and NO is stronger than that of Fe-O₃-Fe, which enhanced the NO_x conversion of the catalyst. However, the almandine was formed in CRM-4, consumed part of Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺, and the interaction between Al and Fe was weakened. Also, deposited almandine on the catalyst surface covered the active sites, thus leading to lower NH₃-SCR activity.     

白腐菌联合纳米零价铁强化去除水中Cd(II)

采用白腐菌和纳米零价铁(nZVI)联合体系强化去除水中Cd (II),并考察pH值、Cd (II)初始浓度、温度、nZVI投加量对Cd (II)去除的影响,分析nZVI对白腐菌胞内外富集镉的影响特性,同时结合扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、三维荧光光谱等手段分析联合体系对Cd (II)的强化去除机制.结果表明,在pH=6,Cd (II)初始浓度为50mg/L,温度为30℃,nZVI投加量为0.1g/L的条件下反应180min后,Cd (II)的去除率可达到99.5%以上.联合体系对Cd (II)的去除过程符合准二级动力学,主要去除机制为白腐菌对Cd (II)的胞外络合吸附,添加nZVI能促进白腐菌对Cd (II)的胞外吸附,FTIR和XPS分析表明,羟基、羧基和氨基参与了Cd (II)的吸附,白腐菌胞外聚合物(EPS)能与铁发生内层配位形成P-O-Fe键,加速富含羟基官能团的纤铁矿、磁铁矿等铁矿物形成,从而促进对溶液中Cd (II)的吸附去除.