全面提高成人高校学报质量的思考

针对全国报刊治理整顿后多数学报由内部发行转为正式学报类期刊的新情况,本文从学报业务工作的几个方面对全面提高成人高校学报(以下简称“成高学报”)办刊质量进行了较详细的论述,旨在对成高学报的办刊工作起到一些促进作用。     

The Kinetics of Interesterfication on Waste Cooking Oil (Sunflower Oil) for the Production of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters using a Whole Cell Biocatalyst (Rhizopus oryzae) and Pure Lipase Enzyme

Recent research and technology have provided promising outcomes to rely on biodiesel as the alternative and conventional source of fuel. The use of renewable sources constitutes the main stream of research. Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) was used for biodiesel production in this study. Lipase enzyme producing fungi Rhizopus oryzae 262 and commercially available pure lipase enzyme were used for comparative study in the production of FAAE. The whole cell biocatalyst and pure enzyme were immobilized using calcium alginate beads. It was prepared by optimizing with different molar ratios of calcium chloride and different percent sodium alginate. Entrapment immobilization was done for whole cell biocatalyst. PE was also immobilized by entrapment for the transesterification reaction. Four different solvents methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol were used as the acyl acceptors. The reaction parameters like temperature, molar ratio, reaction time, and amount of enzyme to be used were also optimized for methanol alone. The same parameters were adopted for the other acyl acceptors too. Among the different acyl acceptors, methanol whose reaction parameters were optimized showed maximum conversion of triglycerides to FAAE - 94% with PE and 84% with WCB. On the whole, PE showed better catalytic converting ability with all the acyl acceptor compared to WCB, further study, it was observed that three consecutive and reversible reactions occurred in the interesterification of triglycerides. So, a kinetic model based on Michaelis-Menten equation with competitive substrate inhibition was used to find the maximum reaction rate V_i for the four solvents using pure enzyme and WCB.     

Inclusion of people with disabilities,their needs and participation,into disaster management: a comparative perspective

In the field of disaster management, not many have considered the role and needs of people with disabilities despite their number and condition. The purpose of this paper is to push for specific inclusion of people with disabilities, their needs and participation, into disaster management by studying relevant cases from Indonesia, Korea, and the USA. Qualitative content analysis was used as a major methodology by comparing three factors identified in these nations: government policies, schools and advocacy groups’ efforts, and families and local communities’ awareness. Three models, one from each country, were considered major takeaways from this study: the Indonesian moral inclusion, the Korean medical treatment without exclusion, and the US’ extending social inclusion. In addressing the needs and participation of people with disabilities in disaster management, the following recommendations are put forward: for Indonesia, a move away from olden beliefs and misconceptions on disability (e.g. as a punishment) is imperative. In Korea, relevant fundamental laws (e.g. the Basic Act on Emergency and Safety Management) need to be revised while also studying advanced laws on the subject. For the USA, though the country is already advanced, overall improvement is still needed in terms of association with international non-governmental organizations, increase in the number of (emergency or disaster) response officials, and provision of better medical treatment.     

噪声监测的全过程质量控制

对于噪声的现场监测工作,提出全过程质量控制,明确总体方案。针对噪声监测的全过程,包括测量前准备、测量进行过程中遇到的各方面细节问题提出解决方法,保证其数据及结果的科学性、有效性。     

鲤鱼对2,6-二硝基甲苯的生物浓缩、消除与代谢研究

 以鲤鱼为实验生物，应用流动式摄取及释放装置，进行了2，6－二硝基甲苯（2，6－DNT）的生物浓缩与释放研究。取得了2，6－DNT在鲤鱼（全鱼）、肝及肠部的生物浓缩曲线。全鱼的浓缩曲线可以稳态（平台式）曲线描述，但是肝、肠部浓缩曲线均呈峰形。肝部峰快速下降后渐趋稳态，肠部峰下降未得稳态。峰形，肝在先，肠在后。对比2，6－DNT在全鱼及肝、肠的生物浓缩曲线，并参照报道_（1，2）指出，全鱼摄取曲线上各点所表现的浓度值为各时刻鱼体内各组织摄取化学品总重对全鱼重量的比值。肝、肠部峰形曲线预示了在肝、肠内生物浓缩过程发生了生物转化作用。对全鱼的生物浓缩过程应用单区一级动力学模型，求得BCF值与消除速率常数K₁与K₂，由K₁/K₂计算得到的BCF值与实测值相符。释放较慢，释放曲线呈双曲线形，半减期为4.8h。     

基于火灾场景的大型浮顶储罐区全过程风险防范体系研究

针对大型浮顶罐区火灾事故风险特征,通过对火灾场景辨识及其火灾风险影响因素分析,结合预防初期火灾场景风险要素和消防系统有效性,提出了罐区火灾事故现实风险的评估框架及确定方法。在此基础上,构建了基于火灾场景的全过程风险防范体系,包括库区评估规划、罐体本质安全化设计、库区火灾预防、罐区火灾扑救、园区火灾事故管理等5个方面,并给出相应的对策措施。大型浮顶罐区全过程火灾风险防范是一个持续改进的结构化过程风险管理体系,有助于实现罐区火灾风险的过程安全管理,进而提高仓储型园区的整体消防安全保障能力和风险防控水平。     

Detection of polychlorinated biphenyls employing chemical dechlorination followed by biphenyl whole cell sensing system

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a mixture of 209 individual chlorinated compounds commonly known as PCB congeners. These compounds are hydrophobic and are persistent in the environment. Their use was banned in the US a few decades ago because of harmful health effects. Therefore, detection of PCBs in environmental samples is increasingly important. To that end, we have developed a two-step simple and sensitive method for the detection of total PCBs. Specifically, our method involves dechlorination of PCBs to biphenyl followed by detection of biphenyl using a whole cell sensing system as the detection system. The whole cell sensing system consists of cells of the strain Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 harboring plasmid pSD7000. Plasmid pSD7000 contains the gene of lacZ, a reporter protein under the control of the bph operon. The detection is achieved through the emission of light afforded by the expression of reporter protein triggered by the presence of biphenyl. Due to the fact that this operon is activated only by few PCB congeners, a chemical dechlorination method was employed to convert all PCBs to biphenyl, and thus all the PCBs present in a given sample are able to be detected. The results showed that PCB congeners were rapidly (30?min) and efficiently (>98.5%) dechlorinated to biphenyl using a Mg/K₂PdCl₆ catalyst, and the biphenyl could be subsequently quantified using the whole cell sensing system. This hybrid analytical method that combines classical dechlorination with novel biosensing methods may find applications in the on-site monitoring of PCBs contamination levels.     

微生物处理技术在有机污染物降解中的应用

微生物处理有机污染物是一种费用低,效果好,无二次污染且操作简单的处理方法。综述了国内外几种微生物处理有机污染物技术的研究进展。     

环境监测全程序质量保证浅谈

简述了从人的意识与能力的培训到布点、采样、仪器调试、实验室质量控制、数据处理等环境监测全程序质量保证的必要性，指出了空白值测定、密码平行样、加标回收率、标准质控样等质控措施的重要性和注意事项以及审核数据时进行纵向、横向比较的方法及其重要性。     

“从源头到龙头”的饮用水安全保障技术体系及其应用

针对饮用水源污染和水质安全风险及藻类、臭味、氨氮、砷等有毒有害物质去除的技术难题,“十一五”“十二五”期间,“水专项”研发了水源调控、水质净化、管网输配和水质监测、预警应急、安全管理等关键技术,构建了以臭氧-活性炭、膜分离等为核心的饮用水安全保障多级屏障工艺,实现了关键装备与材料的国产化,形成了“从源头到龙头”全流程饮用水安全保障技术体系,并在太湖流域、南水北调受水区进行了规模化示范应用,累计示范与推广应用的供水规模超过1 000万m ³/d,直接受益人口达8 000万人以上,技术支撑全国城市供水水质达标率由2009年的58.2%提高到目前的96.0%以上,也为全国城乡供水规划、城镇供水水质督察和供水应急救援基地建设等提供了体系性的技术支撑。