Homopteran chemical signatures reduce aggression of tending ants

Summary. Because generalist ants are aggressive towards foreign insects, the recognition of homopterans by tending ants is critical in ant/homopteran trophobiosis. Herein we report experimental evidence indicating that Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) learn to associate the production of honeydew with the chemical characteristics of homopteran cuticle, suppressing ant aggression and allowing the ants to tend homopterans. Although chemically-mediated associative learning is well understood in honeybee foraging, to our knowledge, it has not been reported before in ant/homopteran trophobiosis.     

山西野生鳖资源调查评估与保护

对山西省境内野生鳖资源的分布区域和范围、品种类型和生物学特性等进行了全面调查研究，分析了野生鳖资源的状况和消长原因，对现存资源量进行了估算。在此基础上，提出了野生鳖资源的繁殖保护措施。     

轴流风机中低频噪声治理

通过研究2K58-28型轴流风机的噪声问题，阐述了建消声塔形成共振腔及采用软隔声装置等办法解决中、低频噪声治理难题。     

东太湖茭草资源的开发利用

本文论述了东太湖茭草资源的现状及对环境的影响,揭示其生态失调、利用价值下降的趋势,勾保护湖泊资源和水利功能,提出了开发治理对策。     

金银花三色软糖的制作

为改变三色软糖的口味和功能,在传统三色软糖中加入金银花浸提液,制成口感独特,风味诱人,外表光滑美观的制品,对传统三色软糖的开发利用具有积极意义。     

Edge-Related Variation in Medicinal and Other "Useful" Wild Plants of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda

Abstract:  Harvesting of wild plants for nontimber uses is widespread in the tropics, but its impact is usually quantified only for one or a few species at a time. Thus, forest managers are never clear about how well their efforts are protecting such plants. We quantified abundance and edge-related variation in 91 species of useful wild plants commonly harvested by communities around Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), Uganda, to evaluate the effect of their harvest. Forty percent of these species were harvested exclusively for medicines, 22% for weaving, and 24% for other uses. Fourteen percent were harvested for combinations of uses. Plants were surveyed around the entire periphery of the park transects that extended out 1 km into the forest interior from the edge. Analyses of edge and interior distribution were controlled for effects of topography. Individually, nine (10%) species were very rare, occurring in <0.5% of the plots searched. Of the remaining 82 species, most (50%) decreased significantly away from the park boundary, whereas 4.9% increased and 45.1% showed no pronounced edge-related distributions. Rarer species were no more likely to be less abundant near the edge than commoner species. These results suggest that most plants used for nontimber purposes in BINP are not currently being harvested unsustainably. In this respect many of the species of useful wild plants we examined resembled animals commonly hunted in tropical forests for bushmeat because they increased in abundance in disturbed habitat. Conservation action should initially aim to understand what influences distributions of very rare species. Edge-based assessments of distributions may be valuable for revealing harvest impact on species of useful wild plants commonly harvested by people living around forest islands in the tropics.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定饮料中的铀

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定饮料中的铀.对不同基质的饮料进行了前处理方法的摸索,从精密度和回收率考察了方法的准确性,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.67%-8.21%(n=6),加标回收率为96.0%-109.0%,方法检出限为0.010μg·l~(-1),方法准确可靠.     

软弱底板特厚煤层综放面矿压特征研究与应用

水帘洞煤矿3802工作面是彬长矿区首个采用8m小区段煤柱护巷、面临软弱底板问题的特厚煤层工作面,生产条件复杂,类似开采技术经验较少。针对此问题,采用岩石物理力学性质测试和计算机数值模拟等手段,明确软弱底板对综放面矿压影响机理;通过现场实测,对3802工作面矿压特征和覆岩移动规律等进行研究,结果表明,软弱底板条件下特厚煤层综放面较一般底板下特厚煤层综放面矿压显现特征不同,软弱底板吸收能量,将应力转移到深处,一定程度上消除了冲击地压危险,同时矿山压力显现平缓不明显,动载系数小。现场实测结果表明巷道围岩稳定,研究结果可以在类似条件下推广应用。     

Community‐based preparedness programmes and the 2009 Australian bushfires: policy implications derived from applying theory

The Victorian Country Fire Authority in Australia runs the Community Fireguard (CFG) programme to assist individuals and communities in preparing for fire. The objective of this qualitative research was to understand the impact of CFG groups on their members' fire preparedness and response during the 2009 Australian bushfires. Social connectedness emerged as a strong theme, leading to an analysis of data using social capital theory. The main strength of the CFG programme was that it was driven by innovative community members; however, concerns arose regarding the extent to which the programme covered all vulnerable areas, which led the research team to explore the theory of diffusion of innovation. The article concludes by stepping back from the evaluation and using both applied theories to reflect on broad options for community fire preparedness programmes in general. The exercise produced two contrasting options for principles underlying community fire preparedness programmes.