软弱岩土突发地质灾害的动态流变力学机理分析

结合我国近几年软弱岩土突发地质灾害的实际情况,分析探讨了动态流变力学理论方法在地质灾害突发机理、灾害监测预报等方面的研究技术线路与应用前景.测试了软弱岩土在动态载荷作用下的动态流变参数,建立了动态流变力学模型,推导出新的流变方程.为进一步研究突发地质灾害的临界力学条件、流变动力学方程、动力学关键指标等奠定了基础;对揭示动载作用下软弱岩土加速流变导致地质灾害的流变动力学机制、改进和完善灾害监测预报理论、提高预报的科学性和准确性具有十分重要的理论和现实意义.     

秦巴山区毛茛科野生花卉资源评价及其开发利用

简要论述了秦巴山区毛茛科野生花卉的资源种类，特点，评价及其开发现状，并探讨了对秦巴山区毛茛科野生花卉资源的开发利用前景及其途径。     

Microbial Inoculants on Woody Legumes to Recover a Municipal Landfill Site

Tree and shrubby legumes have great potential in degraded land rehabilitation because of their ability to form symbiotic associations with nitrogen fixing rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi. Extensive soil disturbance reduces natural microbial propagules thus preventing the formation of beneficial plant-microbes symbiosis. Reintroduction of selected microbial symbionts may improve the recovery rate of disturbed ecosystems. We inoculated selected rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on two woody legume species, the mediterranean shrub Spartium junceumL. and the exotic tree Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. in order to recover a sealed municipal landfill (Palermo, Sicily, Italy). Inoculated plants showed shoot growth parameters 2 to 12-fold higher than uninoculated plants. After transplanting on the municipal landfill site, inoculated plants showed no transplant shock and low mortality (6–15%). The chemical analysis of P and N plant content showed no differences between inoculated and uninoculated plants suggesting that a dilution effect occurred due to higher biomass production of the inoculated plants. The beneficial effects of mycorrhization and rhizobium inoculum on growth parameters were still detectable one year after transplanting in S. junceum.     

广西野生荔枝资源的研究价值及其保护对策

针对野生荔枝在广西的分布现状,结合荔枝优稀种质鉴定研究,论述了广西野生荔枝资源遗传多样性及其在育种应用上的科研价值,并就目前对广西野生荔枝资源保护利用的紧迫性,提出了开展全面普查、建立种质保存圃和原位保护区、加强种质创新应用的几点对策意见.     

中等变质程度软硬煤瓦斯放散规律研究

自主设计了煤粒瓦斯吸附-放散试验系统,以郑煤集团告成煤矿普遍存在的中等变质程度贫瘦软硬煤为研究对象,对比分析了贫瘦煤软硬煤前120 min瓦斯解吸规律,试验结果表明,瓦斯解吸初期软煤的解吸速度都大于硬煤的解吸速度,软煤在前30 min解吸量占总解吸累积量的84.07%以上,而硬煤仅为67.76%;对比了多种描述瓦斯解吸-扩散过程的经验公式,发现孙重旭式和文特式拟合效果最好,且相关指数的变化范围较小。     

利用天敌控制水葫芦疯长研究

从产地引入象甲,研究它在高海拔低纬度———昆明的生活习性,经安全性、适应性、控制效果的试验研究,证实水葫芦象甲对23个科、46种植物不产生危害,只取食水葫芦,是单食性昆虫。象甲对水葫芦重量控制率平均为54.3％,株高控制率为42.4％,根长控制率为19.2％,叶片控制率为10.6％,植株分蘖控制率达32％。象甲在昆明具有良好的生物学适应性。对控制滇池水葫芦疯长,恢复生物多样性、保持生态平衡具有重要价值。     

固结时间对软粘土动剪切模量的影响

随着固结时间的增加,试样逐渐变硬的硬化效应使软粘土的动剪切模量增大;同时,随着固结时间的增加,试样高度和直径明显减小的尺寸效应,也使软粘土的动剪切模量受到显著的影响。通过软粘土自振柱试验,分析了固结时间对软粘土的最大动剪切模量、动剪切模量比和试样尺寸的影响;根据自振柱试验的基本原理,分析了试样尺寸的变化对软粘土动剪切模量的影响;结合试验得到的固结时间和试样尺寸的关系,分析了固结时间通过试样尺寸对软粘土动剪切模量的影响。     

非突出煤层升级方法和指标体系的探讨

以淮南矿业集团B8煤为研究对象,针对《煤矿瓦斯防治经验五十条》关于非突出煤层升级的一些规定和指标确定的难点,通过对实际突出点的瓦斯地质条件调查分析、现场跟踪考察和实验室实验,重点考察和分析煤层突出危险性与地质构造、构造软煤厚度及瓦斯赋存的关系,结合日常生产中容易获取的各参数,构建了非突出煤层升级的方法和指标体系。该体系中:区域升级指标以相对较容易获取的煤层瓦斯含量和软煤厚度为主要指标;以f,△P值为经常检验的辅助指标;动态监测指标包括:地质构造异常带、构造软煤厚度的变化,日常预测参数K1值、S值,并确定了各指标临界值和应用方法。     

Minor sonographic signs of trisomy 21 at 15–20 weeks' gestation in fetuses born without malformations: a prospective study

A prospective study was performed on 2119 pregnancies that underwent genetic amniocentesis. Indications for amniocentesis were either maternal age (⩾35) or triple-test results (risk⩾1/380). The study covered a 36-month period and assessed the prevalence of minor ultrasound markers both in fetuses with Down syndrome and normal control fetuses at 15–19 week' gestation. Only fetuses with normal karyotype or trisomy 21 were considered. Six minor sonographic markers were considered: nuchal thickness, pyelectasia, femur observed/expected and humerus observed/expected ratios, bowel echogenicity, and choroid plexus cysts. One or more ultrasound soft markers were present in 23 out of 33 fetuses with Down syndrome (70%) and in 572 out of 2069 normal fetuses (28%). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Wild Kangaroo Industry: Developing the Potential for Sustainability

Wildlife resources the world over have long been subject to harvest and management. As wildlife uses have grown, so too have the need and desire to ensure their sustainability. This new context of sustainability presents opportunities to merge ecological, economic and social elements to foster development. This paper presents the management and harvesting of wild kangaroos as an example of the potentially sustainable use of a natural resource. Some comparisons are drawn between the use of other wild living resources, deer in Europe and crayfish in Western Australia. However, sustainability of kangaroo species and the industry is not just a matter of market economics and ecology, it must also be socially sustainable. The public policy instrument of a statutory advisory board with a marketing function is proposed in order to integrate the cultural and social aspects of kangaroo management with the economic and ecological aspects. Through such integration, full sustainability of a wild resource then might be achieved.