重庆荣昌地区S波分裂研究

利用荣昌地区数字地震波资料,计算该区s波分裂参数,使用获得的s波分裂参数研究汶川地震对荣昌地区介质的影响。结果表明,汶川地震前后快波偏振方向无显著改变,均与区域范围内断裂及断层走向相关性较好;随着汶川地震的临震,延迟时间增大,而震后大约1年多的时间内,S波分裂的快、慢波延迟时间维持在较小的水平,之后延迟时间出现恢复性增...     

天津市近郊地表风蚀型开放源对中心城区影响估算研究

可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)是我国大部分城市环境空气的首要污染物,地表风蚀尘是其重要来源,需要对该源的贡献量进行定量估算.基于TM遥感影像对天津土地利用类型进行分类并在近郊布设94个点采集地表土壤样品,进行粒度分析,基于GIS进行克里格插值计算,得到土壤粒径分布.结合风向、风速等气象数据,计算得出2009年分季节近郊四区（北辰、西青、津南和东丽）土壤风蚀模数、风蚀量、释尘模数和释尘量.结果表明,天津市近郊春、夏、秋和冬的风蚀量分别为21236.31、 4435.21、 7272.13和17204.40 t;北辰、西青、津南和东丽的全年风蚀量分别为6380.23、 32881.13、 8340.67和2546.02 t;全年耕地和林草地的风蚀量分别为49 599.20和548.85 t.天津市近郊2009年释尘量分别为9352.92 t（粒径＜10 μm）、 20587.99 t（粒径10～15 μm）和13873.74 t（粒径15～20 μm）.天津市近郊输入中心城区20　μm以下的尘量为20592.91 t, 10 μm以下的尘量为4395.89 t,占21.35%.     

山东近岸黄海极值风速预测及防灾建议——基于极值分布和风向的预测

在总结有关海上大风预测研究成果的基础上,根据极值理论合理选取预测极值风速的极值分布计算模型:Gumbel分布和Poisson-Gumbel分布。根据山东近岸黄海26 a的风速观测资料,采用分风向统计数据和投影法处理数据,充分考虑风向和相邻风向的影响,形成十六个风向的年极值序列和过程极值序列样本;最后,用两种模型计算得到各个风向的极值风速预测结果,对比不考虑风向的计算结果,分析出黄海海域海洋风灾发生的时间规律和致灾风向,并对黄海海域的防风减灾提出合理建议。     

新概念消防车的发展

分析了新概念消防车的发展现状,介绍了新概念消防车目前主要开发的品种、灭火原理、特点及结构等,可应用于扑灭石油化工企业火灾、大跨度建筑物火灾、地下工程火灾、飞机火灾等多方面。     

露天储煤场防风抑尘集成技术的应用

近年来随着平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司一矿棚户区改造推进,一矿露天储煤场煤尘对周围环境影响较大。为降低其污染,工程采用防风抑尘网、喷水洒水抑尘、地面硬化构成露天储煤场防风抑尘集成技术,并对主要工艺参数进行了优化,运行期监测结果表明该集成技术抑尘率达88.5%,露天储煤场周界外颗粒物无组织排放浓度均低于《煤炭工业污染物排放标准》(GB 20426-2006)中相应标准限值。     

Economic feasibility of autonomous hybrid wind–diesel power systems for residential loads in hot regions: a step to mitigate the implications of fossil fuel depletion

Today, energy occupies a pivotal position around which all socio-economic activities revolve. No energy means no life, and supply of energy in a cheap, plentiful, long-sustainable and environmentally safe form is a boon for everyone. In the light of rising cost of oil and fears of its exhaustion coupled with increased pollution, the governments worldwide are deliberating and making huge strides to promote renewable energy sources such as wind. Integration of wind machines with the diesel plants is pursued widely to reduce dependence on fossil-fuel-produced energy and to reduce the release of carbon gases that cause global climate change. The literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) consume an estimated 10–40% of the total electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyse wind-speed data of Dhahran (East-Coast, KSA) to assess the economic feasibility of utilising autonomous hybrid wind–diesel power systems to meet the electrical load of 100 typical residential buildings (with annual electrical energy demand of 3512 MWh). The monthly average wind speeds range from 3.3 to 5.6 m/s. The hybrid systems simulated consist of different combinations of 600 kW commercial wind machines supplemented with diesel generators. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's hybrid optimisation model for electric renewables software was employed to perform the techno-economic analysis.

The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system comprising 600 kW wind capacity together with a 1.0 MW diesel system (two 500 kW units), the wind penetration (at 50 m hub-height, with 0% annual capacity shortage) is 26%. The cost of generating energy (COE, $/kWh) from this hybrid wind–diesel system was found to be 0.070 $/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1 $/l). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the number of operational hours of diesel generator sets (gensets) decreases with an increase in the wind-farm capacity. Concurrently, emphasis has also been placed on wind penetration, un-met load, effect of hub-height on energy production and COE, excess electricity generation, percentage fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (relative to diesel-only situation) of different hybrid systems, cost breakdown of wind–diesel systems, COE of different hybrid systems, etc.     

Spatio-temporal variation of near-surface wind speed over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1970 to 2020北大核心CSCD

基于1970-2020年青藏高原区域及其附近154个气象站点的风速风向观测数据,采用线性拟合等方法,分析该地区年平均和季节平均近地面风速的时空分布特征和日变化特征.结果表明:(1)青藏高原区域1970-2020年年均风速在0.6-4.2m/s之间,青藏高原主体年均风速较高,高原周边地区风速较低;(2)青藏高原区域1970-2020年间近地面风速呈极显著下降趋势,2000年以后呈极显著增加趋势;(3)青藏高原区域1970-2020年间近地面风速春季最大,冬、夏次之,秋季最小,不同季节平均风速均是高原主体大于高原周边,4个季节的平均风速均呈极显著降低趋势,春季平均风速降低的速率最大;(4)大气环流驱动力的减弱可能是青藏高原区域地面风速呈减弱趋势的主导性因素.青藏高原近地面风速显著的变化特征可为青藏高原风能资源开发利用、农林生态系统开发与保护等提供科学依据.(图5参46)     

高温独头巷道人工制冷降温效果的优化研究*

为优化移动式人工制冷设备在高温独头掘进巷道工作面的制冷效果,通过设置风障形成密闭制冷空间,利用数值计算的方法,分别分析风障距工作面距离、回风管压力、回风管垂直高度对掘进工作面制冷效果的影响。研究结果表明:设置风障能够有效缩小制冷空间,阻隔热量,提高制冷效果;风障与工作面之间的距离对制冷效果有显著影响,风障的最佳布置距离为5 m;回风口压力过大或过小都不利于制冷效果,最佳压力为-70 Pa;回风管垂直高度不同,制冷效果也大有不同,其最佳高度为1 m。利用数值模拟所得工况参数进行现场试验,结果表明风障在高温独头掘进巷道降温中具有良好的实际应用效果。研究结果对高温矿井人工制冷工况优化,提高制冷效果具有指导意义。     

风门开闭动态过程对矿井风流影响规律研究*

为探究风门开闭动态过程对矿井风流的影响规律,采用数值模拟方法,得出风门开启角度对于巷道内流场变化及测点风速波动的影响及其规律,结合实验验证测点风速波动规律,并分析风门开启角度与第1次峰值出现时间、异常风速波动时长、风速波动幅值3个波动特征之间的关系。研究结果表明:风门开启后,风门所在巷道及其关联巷道流场产生剧烈波动;风门关闭后,波动影响也不会立即消失;风门开闭动态过程中,所有测点的风速皆呈现先升后降或先降后升的波动规律,随后进入震荡过程,最后震荡逐渐减小至正常风速波动范围内,其中风门所在巷道的测点风速会在震荡过程中产生风速方向反转现象;经对比分析,风门前的测点风速波动特征更好反映风门开启角度,二者呈正相关性。     

Numerical modeling and optimization of a power augmented S-type vertical axis wind turbine

An axial symmetry augmented vertical axis wind turbine, which is suitable for arbitrary wind directions, is proposed in this paper. In order to improve the power generation ability of the S-type vertical axis wind turbine, a set of so-called “collection-shield boards” are installed symmetrically around the rotating S-type rotor. The flow fields around this type of wind turbine are numerically simulated with the aid of CFD method. The optimized design of geometrical parameters of the rotor and collection-shield boards is conducted by using the orthogonal design method. The obtained results suggest that the power output of the optimized augmented wind turbine can reach nearly three times higher than that of the conventional S-type vertical axis wind turbine.