中国生态环境监测40年改革发展与成效

改革开放40年来,我国生态环境监测事业从无到有、从小到大、从弱到强,生态环境监测管理体系、网络体系、业务体系和技术体系逐步建立与健全,陆海统筹、天地一体、上下联动、信息共享的生态环境监测体系初步形成,为生态文明建设和环境管理提供了有力的支撑。本文对生态环境监测发展的主要进展、成效与经验进行了梳理和总结,并根据当前面临的机遇与挑战,提出了未来生态环境监测的发展方向。     

An improved model for heavy gas dispersion using time-varying wind data: Mathematical basis,physical assumptions,and case studies

This study developed an improved model for the dispersion of released toxic gases, SLABi, based on the widely used model SLAB. Two major improvements enhanced the model's ability to represent observations. First, SLAB was upgraded to account for temporal variation in wind vectors. Thus, real-time changes in meteorological conditions can be considered in dispersion forecasting. Second, a source term module was developed and embedded in SLABi to standardize the procedure of emission calculation. Both the standard SLAB model and the SLABi model were applied to a case study to evaluate the impact of time-varying winds on the dispersion of released gases. The results showed that meteorology has a significant influence on the dispersion of released gases. The SLABi model can provide decision makers with timely and accurate guidance, so as to minimize hazards to people and the environment.     

The Modelling of Turbulence from Traffic in Urban Dispersion Models — Part I: Theoretical Considerations

The modelling of pollutant dispersion at the street scale in an urban environment requires the knowledge of turbulence generated by the traffic motion in streets. In this paper, a theoretical framework to estimate mechanical turbulence induced by traffic in street canyons at low wind speed conditions is established. The standard deviation of the velocity fluctuations is adopted as a measure of traffic-produced turbulence (TPT). Based on the balance between turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation, three different parameterisations for TPT suitable for different traffic flow conditions are derived and discussed. These formulae rely on the calculations of constants that need to be estimated on the basis of experimental data. One such estimate has been made with the help of a wind tunnel data set corresponding to intermediate traffic densities, which is the most common regime, with interacting vehicle wakes.     

A review on optimization techniques for sizing of solar-wind hybrid energy systems

Solar and wind are inexhaustible, abundant, environmentally friendly and freely available renewable energy sources. Integration of these two sources has always been a complex optimization problem which requires efficient planning, designing and control strategies. Many researchers have designed cost effective and efficient hybrid solar-wind energy systems by using various available software tools and optimization algorithms. With the advancement in artificial intelligence methods, various new optimization techniques have been developed in the last few decades. This paper presents state of the art optimization methods applied to hybrid renewable based energy systems. A brief introduction of each technique is presented along with papers published in different reputed journals. This article also reviews different power management, control strategies and multi-objective optimization methods used for hybrid wind-solar systems. A case study is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of some of the algorithms.     

国内SBR法研究进展及其应用现状

简要介绍了SBR法的特点,综述了国内SBR法研究进展和应用现状,并展望了sBR技术发展方向。     

咸宁市房地产业发展取向

近10年来，咸宁市房地产业的发展以个人开发为主，城镇规模的增长明显滞后于人口的增长，出现了一系列影响房地产经济持续发展的问题。在统计分析的基础上，用线性预测法计算了本市在未来10年内房地产发展的合理速度与规模。研究结果表明：在GDP保持9％增长率的情况下，2001-2010年咸宁市每年需净增居住用房地产300万m^2，房地产业的合理增长率为12．9％。稳定和规范住宅业的发展，加强城市基础设施和社会公共服务设施建设是今后本市房地产业发展的主要取向。     

风障联合压实防治煤堆自燃技术工艺参数优化

为提高煤堆自燃的防治效果,降低经济成本和提高施工的灵活性,基于煤堆自燃理论,使用COMSOLMultiphysics 5.0数值仿真软件,建立煤堆自燃模型,研究了煤堆最高温度和自然发火期变化及相关措施实施后最高温度降低规律,对比了单独压实、独立风障和风障联合压实的温度降低量,优化了联合措施的工艺。结果表明,煤堆孔隙率越小,自燃风速范围越宽,最小、最易、最大自燃风速越大;单独进行煤堆压实存在因孔隙率增加而降低的最低不宜风速;针对6 m高煤堆单独使用风障时,只有风障高12 m、距离煤堆25 m才能避免煤堆自燃;风障联合压实措施中,风障高7.5~9 m,设置距离煤堆10~30 m即能保证煤堆不自燃。说明联合的煤堆最高温度降低量更大,且能扩大压实的适用范围,降低风障高度,节约经济成本,增加风障现场施工的灵活性。     

An Approach for the Aggregation of Aerodynamic Surface Parameters in Calculating the Turbulent Fluxes over Heterogeneous Surfaces in Atmospheric Models

Experimental evidence indicates that there is a significant departure of the wind profile above the underlying surface consisting of patches of solid and liquid parts, and plant communities with different morphological from that predicted by the logarithmic relationship, which gives the values larger than those observed. This situation can seriously affect the transfer of momentum, heat and water vapor from the surface fluxes into the atmosphere.The object of this paper is to generalize the calculation of the exchange of momentum between the atmosphere and a very heterogeneous surface, find a general equation for the wind speed profile in a roughness sublayer under neutral conditions, and, then, derive aggregated roughness length and displacement height over the grid cell. The suggested expression for the wind profile is compared with some earlier approaches, using a common parameterization of aerodynamic parameters over the grid cell, and the observations obtained at an experimental site in Philadelphia, PA.     

湘西锰矿成矿地质特征及找矿方向探索

针对湘西锰矿床地质特征，结合区域锰矿地质背景、矿床地质条件和控矿因素，初步提出了该区找矿标志及找矿方向．     

Effect of high-voltage direct current link on small signal stability of a power system with different penetration level of doubly fed induction generator and direct drive synchronous generator based wind farms

High penetration level of wind power has significant impact on the dynamic performance of power system. Power system with existing high-voltage direct current (HVDC) link may influence the stability of power system at high penetration level of wind power. This article investigates the stability issues of power system with existing HVDC link for different penetration level of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and direct drive synchronous generator (DDSG) based wind farms. The small signal stability analysis shows that power system with HVDC link has improved the stability of the power system for increased penetration of DFIG- and DDSG-based wind farms.