Effects of As on As uptake,speciation, and nutrient uptake by winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） under hydroponic conditions

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic （As） stress on growth, nutrition and As uptake, and speciation in shoots and roots of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Winter wheat has high tolerance to As. Most As is accumulated in the roots, and an As concentration of 4,421 mg/kg was observed at a solution concentration of 20 mg/L As. Arsenic concentrations in roots were approximately 40-100 times greater than those in shoots. Arsenic in winter wheat roots and shoots occurred as both As^3＋ and As^5＋ species, although As^3＋ was the main species in winter wheat tissues. Arsenic significantly decreased the biomass of winter wheat shoots and roots and affected absorption and transport of micro- and macro-elements in winter wheat tissue. Arsenic treatment significantly increased the concentrations of total Magnesium （Mg） and calcium （Ca） in shoots and enhanced the transport of Mg and Ca from roots to shoots but decreased potassium （K）, nitrogen （N）, and phosphorus （P） concentrations in both shoots and roots, particularly the concentration of P. Concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc in winter wheat shoots were negatively related to As rates, with correlation coefficients （R^2） of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively.     

麦草木质素水泥混凝土减水剂研究

将从麦草造纸黑液中提取的木质素进行磺化改性,探索其作为水泥混凝土减水剂的可行性,研制了ＺＳ－３号减水剂,同时对麦草造纸黑液资源化治理工艺中产生的含磺化木质素素糖液进行了水泥混凝土减水性实验,研制了ＺＳ－２号减水剂,实验结果表明,ＺＳ－３使水泥混凝土减水率达１０％,７ｄ抗压强度增加１８％,２８ｄ抗压强度增加５％,达到水泥混凝土普通减水剂性能。ＺＳ－２使水泥混凝土减水率达１０％,７ｄ抗压强度增加７３％     

开发利用土壤深层水资源的一种有效途径——“以肥调水”的大田试验研究

我国北方冬小麦生育期内干旱少雨,农业水资源紧缺,因此,由汛期降水形成的底墒,特别是土壤深层储藏的水分则成为小麦生长的重要水源之一。在中国气象局固城农业气象试验基地大型人工控制农田水分试验场,进行了提高底墒和土壤深层水分利用率,以肥促根觅水的旱作冬小麦田间试验。试验结果表明,施肥深度在20～40cm范围内,能明显促进冬小麦中、下层根系的生长发育,扩大作物觅取水分和养分的土壤空间,有效地吸收和利用储藏在土壤深层的水分,从而能充分发挥土壤水库的调控作用,提高小麦的产量和水分利用效率。     

利用海南冬季优势积极发展冬季农业

海南岛是我国最大的一块热带地区，是我国最大的冬季天然温室。冬季光温资源丰富，台风、暴雨及病虫危害很少发生，在特别干旱时段，只要加以灌溉，冬种作物便可以在正常的环境条件下生长、发育，产量比较稳定，易获得高产，并且可以冬种的瓜果蔬菜、粮食、饲料等作物种类繁多，可开发利用的冬闲田面积广。在夏季，台风、洪水、病虫等危害严重，进一步开发的潜力已有限，并且一些产品（尤其是热作产品）面临东南亚、南亚及美洲一些国家和地区的激烈竞争，为此，利用冬季优势，积极发展冬种瓜果蔬菜及饲料等作物，是实现农业高产、优质、高效的关键措施。     

北部湾冬季的生物固氮作用

2006年12月至2007年1月(冬季)期间,对北部湾海区的生物固氮作用进行了初步研究,结果表明:当培养时间为2 h时,水体浮游生物固氮速率最高,且固氮速率随着培养时间的延长而逐渐降低。北部湾冬季固氮速率存在周日变化,8∶10～11∶10时段内固氮速率达到最高值。10 m和30 m水深在夜间仍能检测到固氮活性,这可能是浮游生物昼夜垂直移动引起的。北部湾冬季固氮速率的范围为447.5～1447.2 pmol/(L.h),固氮速率呈现出从湾内往湾外不断增加的趋势,湾口海区(B06站)的积分固氮速率为319.5μmol/(m2.d)。B06站Fe加富实验表明,添加100 nmol/L Fe能够明显促进生物固氮作用,北部湾冬季湾口海区生物固氮作用可能受到Fe限制。     

呋喃丹对植物幼苗生长和生理过程的影响

将不同剂量的呋喃丹施入棉花、玉米、小麦及水稻幼苗进行水培试验。结果表明,当呋喃丹浓度≤10ppm时对作物均无影响;对棉苗的生长和玉米叶片叶绿素形成有促进作用;对玉米离子外渗、TTC还原力和LDR无影响。盆栽试验施入75kg/ha。(折算,3％含量)以下的呋喃丹对棉苗的生长、离子外渗和光合速率均无影响。实验结果证明,呋喃丹对作物毒性低,在一般田间施用量下,对作物生长和某些生理功能无不良影响。     

小麦淀粉粉尘爆炸特性参数的研究

采用哈特曼管式爆炸测试装置和20L球爆炸测试装置对小麦淀粉粉尘爆炸特性参数进行评估,对粒度小于75μm的样品的爆炸危险性参数进行测试,得出了一定条件下的小麦淀粉对静电火花的敏感程度以及其爆炸的猛烈程度,进而对其爆炸危险性程度进行分级。结果表明,温度在25℃,喷粉压力为0.70MPa,小麦淀粉的最小点火能量在40~80mJ;在点火能量为10 kJ时,最大爆炸压力为0.60MPa,最大爆炸指数为7.87MPa.m/s,其粉尘爆炸危险性为Ⅰ级。     

Preparation1 and utilization of wheat straw anionic sorbent for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution

In order to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by agricultural residues (i.e. excess nitrate) in aqueous solution, economic and effective anionic sorbents are required. In this article, we prepared anionic sorbent using wheat straw. Its structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated. The results indicate that the yield of the prepared anionic sorbent, the total exchange capacity, and the maximum adsorption capacity were 350%, 2.57 mEq/g, and 2.08 mmol/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm mode is more suitable than the Langmuir mode and the adsorption process accords with the first order reaction kinetic rate equation. When multiple anions (SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-, and NO2-) were present, the isotherm mode of prepared anionic sorbent for nitrate was consistent with Freundlich mode; however, the capacity of nitrate adsorption was reduced by 50%. In alkaline solutions, about 90% of adsorbed nitrate ions could be desorbed from prepared anionic sorbent. The results of this study confirmed that the wheat straw anionic sorbent can be used as an excellent nitrate sorbent that removes nitrate from aqueous solutions.     

麦秸对两相厌氧废水处理工艺产酸相的影响

采用间歇试验的方法对不同pH条件下,两相厌氧工艺处理含麦秸的低浓度废水的产酸相进行了研究.分别考察了酸性、中性和碱性条件对有麦秸反应器和无麦秸反应器中的COD、氨氮、VFA变化的影响.试验结果表明:在三种pH条件下,除第一周期外有麦秸反应器的出水pH始终要低于无麦秸反应器的出水pH,并且酸性条件下的出水pH值最低.介于...