开发竹醋液--提高安徽省竹资源利用率

从安徽省竹资源现状、竹醋液的生产概况、应用领域、经济价值、政策扶持等方面分析了竹醋液开发的可行性,目的是提高安徽省竹资源的利用率,促进安徽省经济的可持续发展.     

家具企业喷涂过程呼吸防护技术应用研究

随着家具行业持续高速发展和从业人数的不断增加,家具企业职业危害的严峻性也日益突显,职业危害预防、控制也越来越受重视。喷涂作为家具表面处理的重要工艺,其作业过程产生的漆雾和挥发性有机化合物更是直接威胁到职工的健康安全。基于对家具企业喷漆作业场所的有毒、有害因素分析研究的基础上,从个体职业危害防护的角度,提出适用于家具企业喷漆过程的固定式长管呼吸装置防护技术,加强对家具企业职工喷漆作业的劳动保护,实现职业危害的预防控制。     

阻燃与未阻燃装饰装修木材在不同氧浓度下的热分析

利用热重分析仪对常见木质装饰装修材料白杨、白桦、红松以及这三种材料的阻燃品,在不同氧浓度条件下进行了热重分析(TGA)实验,通过对失重(TG)曲线、失重速率(DTG)曲线的分析,深入探讨了氧气体积分数对样品热解过程的影响.结果表明:对三种天然木材样品而言,氧浓度增大,样品的TG曲线左移.氧浓度对阻燃样品热解失重曲线的影响较小.热解过程用简单的动力学模型进行了模拟,确定了热解主反应段的动力学参数、表观活化能和频率因子,得到了各阶段的动力学方程.     

木材干燥的节能途径

能源消耗占木材干燥成本的67％以上，降低干燥成本必须从减少能源消耗入手。本文以常规干燥为例，通过分析当前木材干燥生产的实际能耗构成，从方法、设备、工艺、操作等方面探讨了木材干燥的各种节能途径。     

Maleated Polylactide as an Interfacial Compatibilizer in Biocomposites

The aim of the research described in this paper was to prepare and characterize a maleated polylactide (MAPLA) and to study whether use of this additive might enhance the properties of polylactide (PLA) biocomposites. PLA and MAPLA prepared in the laboratory were characterized using various analytical techniques and the effect of using MAPLA as an additive was investigated by three methods: (a) compounding with a commercially available l-PLA and wood fiber in a Brabender mixer, (b) compounding with commercially available l-PLA and nanoclay in a Haake mini-extruder, and (c) solution treatment of jute fiber mats that were then used to prepare jute-PLA composites by a compression molding process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs of the wood-PLA compound prepared in the Brabender mixer suggested some improvement in adhesion might have occurred in the presence of MAPLA. Rheological and X-ray diffraction measurements on nanoclay-PLA compounded in the mini-extruder gave mixed results but did not indicate beneficial effects from addition of MAPLA to the process. Tensile testing of jute-PLA composites showed a reduction in composite tensile strength resulting from addition of MAPLA to the fibers. Possible reasons for these results and options for further research are discussed.     

A model supported by GIS for locating and quantifying PM2.5 emission originated from residential wood burning

A research method was presented for spatially quantifying and allocating the potential activity of a fine particle matter emission （ PM2.5 ）, which originated from residential wood burning （RWB） in this study. Demographic, hypsographic, climatic and topographic data were compiled and processed within a geographic information system（GIS）, and as independent variables put into a linear regression model for describing spatial distribution of the potential activity of residential wood burning as primary heating source. In order to improve the estimation, the classifications of urban, suburban and rural were redefined to meet the specifications of this application. Also, several definitions of forest accessibility were tested for estimation. The results suggested that the potential activity of RWB was mostly determined by elevation of a location, forest accessibility, urban/non-urban position, climatic conditions and several demographic variables. The linear regression model could explain approximately 86% of the variation of surveyed potential activity of RWB. The analysis results were validated by employing survey data collected mainly from a WebGIS based phone interview over the study area in central California. Based on lots free public GIS data, the model provided an easy and ideal tool for geographic researchers, environmental planners and administrators to understand where and how much PM2.5 emission from RWB was contributed to air quality. With this knowledge they could identify regions of concern, and better plan mitigation strategies to improve air quality. Furthermore, it allows for future adjustment on some parameters as the spatial analysis method is implemented in the different regions or various eco-social models.     

Fossil carbon emissions associated with carbon flowsof wood products

Specific fossil carbon (C) emissions and primary energy useassociated with the manufacture of different wood product groups inFinland are estimated and expressed as emissions or energy use per amountof wood-based C in raw material and per amount in end product. Thecalculation includes both emissions from supplied fuels within the forestindustries, and from electricity and district heat purchased from externalsources. The results are compared to fossil C emissions from the wholelifecycle of harvested wood products. The results of the study show, forinstance, that the emission of fossil C per wood-based C in end products(MgC/MgC) is of the order of 0.07 for sawn wood and 0.3–0.6 for paperin the manufacturing stage. The primary energy use per wood-based C inend product is of the order of 2 MWh/MgC for sawn wood, whereas forvirgin paper grades the figure is between 17 and 19 MWh/MgC. Theprimary energy content is highest in papers based on chemical pulping, butaround 60% of the energy used is produced in this case from by-productwood wastes (black liquor, bark etc.). The specific fossil C emission andprimary energy divided by the estimated service life of the wood productare measures for the relative burden of maintaining the corresponding woodproduct pool. These figures should be kept in mind when considering woodproducts as a potential C sink option.     

循环经济与木材资源利用

文章介绍了循环经济、"零排放"的概念和发展现状,论述了木材资源利用过程中开展循环经济,实现"零排放"的必要性和可能性,并就如何确保木材利用过程中实现"零排放"提出了相关建议.     

A wood preservative metabolite in river water

- A previously unknown pollutant in river water was identified to be 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) by interpretation and simulation of its GC/LRMS spectrum. Further GC/HRMS measurement of the isotope composition of the molecular ion verified this structure. 2-MBT is a well-known agent for corrosion inhibition and a stable metabolite of several other benzothiazoles. The present 2-MBT trace was most probably a metabolite of the wood preservative TCMTB which leaked from an upstream sawmill. The metabolite had been detected earlier in urine of the sawmill workers, but now was identified in the recipient water environment for the first time.     

利用醋糟开发植物栽培基质的发酵技术

对利用酿造工业废弃物醋糟开发有机栽培基质的发酵技术进行了试验研究。结果表明：通过加入鸡粪、粉煤灰、石灰水和尿素等碱性物质调节酸度后，能促进醋糟正常发酵，发酵后的产物理化性状均适合于作植物栽培基质。