地铁施工工人不安全行为关联规则研究

当前工人不安全行为研究多侧重从理论和方法的角度出发,而通过数据挖掘探究规律性方面的研究存在不足,因此,提出了地铁施工工人不安全行为关联规则研究。首先,构建关联规则挖掘数据库,以大量反映现场不安全行为的照片为数据来源。然后,利用Apriori算法,通过SPSS Modeler软件建模,以地铁车站施工机械操作人员为例介绍关联规则挖掘过程和结果。结果表明:机械操作人员存在有效强关联项为“开挖降水→挖土机作业时周围区域内有其余工人作业活动”。说明针对不同工种岗位的工人,在不同施工阶段存在易出现的不安全行为,可以有针对性地进行控制与管理,从而降低事故率。     

石化工业园区恶臭环境影响评价工作程序探讨

系统地提出了区域恶臭环境影响评价工作程序,引入了重大恶臭风险源的概念,并以石化工业园区为例,从公众参与、恶臭现状监测、区域恶臭源调查、恶臭环境影响预测及分析、区域恶臭容量及控制措施等方面分析了区域恶臭环评的工作内容。     

在用汽油车瞬态排放测试工况的相关性

介绍了国内外典型在用车排放检测工况特点,运用解析方法研究了美国IM 240、欧洲TüV-A,以及我国将实行的IM 195瞬态检测工况,分别比较了与之对应的新车型式认证工况和排放检测方法相关性评价指标,指出美国IM 240与FTP-75标准、欧洲TüV-A与NEDC工况的相关性较好。通过对本田雅阁样车排放水平的测试,得出了IM 195与城市工况、短工况的相关性。     

地表水中总磷测定方法的改进

对用钼酸铵分光光度法测定地表水中总磷时工作曲线的绘制、消解时间和浊度补偿等进行了试验。结果表明，绘制工作曲线时可不进行消解处理；样品测定时可缩短消解时间；试样中有浊度时可用离心法替代浊度补偿法。     

产品的二次筛选试验影响分析

通过某种产品的二次筛选试验前后的参数数据分析,从一个侧面分析了二次筛选试验对产品造成的影响,定量地表征了影响的程度,为以后的二次筛选乃至一次筛选对产品寿命影响的全面分析奠定基础。     

建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测中的环保检查

为保证建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收质量,建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测已成为建设项目管理中的一个重要组成部分。针对建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测中的环保检查内容进行讨论,力求全面地将各项检查内容介绍给同行,供监测人员在进行该项工作时参考     

Investigation of gas purging process in pipeline by numerical method

Gas purging processes in pipeline safety maintenance were studied using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. A new model (model 1) closer to actual working conditions and another two-side injection model were investigated. The simulation results showed that the relative purging efficiency of model 1 decreases compared to the ideal model (model 0), and two-sided injection model increases the efficiency relative to the single sided purging model. In addition, the models with different intake methods, outlet positions, outlet sizes and outlet pressures were simulated. If the outlet is opened after delaying some time, purging efficiency is improved. Furthermore if “relay purging” method is adopted, the efficiency is increased by 18% with two gas inlets and by 11% with a single inlet. The outlet position affects the average velocity in the last purging time. If the outlet diameter is equal or larger than that of the inlet, the purging efficiency is much higher.     

相关关系和因果关系在事故分析中的应用——研究综述与启示

从事故中吸取教训是安全科学的主要任务,回顾拆解曾经的研究成果,从理论基础研究和应用实践研究两个方面进行了文献综述,以期达到总结前期成果和启示后续研究的目的。结果表明,在横向研究中,一方面在全学科的宏观层面,相关和因果的研究在经济与管理科学和社会科学中的开展较为成熟,而在安全科学与灾害防治领域还处于发展阶段。同时自2003年至2012年,是相关关系和因果关系研究成果的快速发展时期;另一方面在生产安全事故范围的微观层面,相关和因果的研究相对集中于事故控制阶段的相关关系的研究;在纵向研究中,对于生产安全事故分析时需要进行的描述、解释、预测和控制4个阶段中在选取相关关系和因果关系时有所侧重,在事故描述阶段偏重使用相关关系;在事故解释阶段,如果是解释事故发生的可能性主要偏重使用因果关系。如果是解释事故发生的损失程度主要偏重使用相关关系;在事故预测阶段,偏重相关关系;在事故控制阶段偏重因果关系。     

Building work engagement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the effectiveness of work engagement interventions

Low work engagement may contribute towards decreased well‐being and work performance. Evaluating, boosting and sustaining work engagement are therefore of interest to many organisations. However, the evidence on which to base interventions has not yet been synthesised. A systematic review with meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of work engagement interventions. A systematic literature search identified controlled workplace interventions employing a validated measure of work engagement. Most used the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Studies containing the relevant quantitative data underwent random‐effects meta‐analyses. Results were assessed for homogeneity, systematic sampling error, publication bias and quality. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and were categorised into four types of interventions: (i) personal resource building; (ii) job resource building; (iii) leadership training; and (iv) health promotion. The overall effect on work engagement was small, but positive, k = 14, Hedges g = 0.29, 95%‐CI = 0.12–0.46. Moderator analyses revealed a significant result for intervention style, with a medium to large effect for group interventions. Heterogeneity between the studies was high, and the success of implementation varied. More studies are needed, and researchers are encouraged to collaborate closely with organisations to design interventions appropriate to individual contexts and settings, and include evaluations of intervention implementation. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Organizational Behavior published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进JHA铜冶炼维修作业风险辨识与信息化应用

基于能量意外释放论,提出改进的JHA风险辨识方法。在按设备结构划分维修作业后,不划分作业步骤,而是根据风险来源进行辨识,实现了辨识的实用性和系统全面性。基于辨识结果,建立信息化维修作业风险信息数据库,并作为《检修项目指令书》安全措施的信息支撑。实践表明,改进的JHA辨识方法是有效的,信息化应用改变了经验式的《检修项目指令书》,提高了风险管控的有效性。