复杂网络视角下世界石油流动的竞合态势演变及对中国石油合作的启示

世界石油流动的规模和复杂性日益增加,从复杂网络分析视角考察石油流动中主要贸易国及其所处地缘区之间的相对地位及变动,并分析中国在其中的竞合关系,有利于从与出口地缘区合作和与进口地缘区合作两个方面,全面审视中国石油合作的总体格局、重点合作国家和可能的模式创新。研究结果表明：（1）世界石油流动仍由主要出口地缘区主导,逐步演变为俄罗斯—中亚、美国—加拿大和中东三足鼎立的出口竞争格局,但出口地缘区的多元化和地位相对变动也为进口国调整合作关系提供了机遇;（2）亚太地区逐步成为世界石油流动的竞合焦点,但由于区内大国缺乏互济交流,降低了地区的整体核心地位和对石油流动的调控力,中国也深陷进口分散化、出口大国博弈和进口大国制衡三大困境中;（3）中国应与核心出口地缘区重点合作,与其他出口地缘区稳定合作并创新合作模式,与亚太其他进口国基于进口份额协调机制、来源错位竞争机制和国际贸易中心分工协作机制,开展区内互济交流合作,以改善中国在世界石油流动格局中的竞合环境,保障石油供需平衡、降低供给风险。     

“绿色奥运”对提高北京公众环境意识的影响研究——世界城市环境教育机制与途径的思考

筹办绿色奥运的7年间,北京市公众的环境意识得到了前所未有的提高。2005-2009年,专业机构连续5年对北京城乡居民进行6次环境意识专项调查。结果显示:市民环境意识明显提高,公众环保认知水平日益提升,居民的环保习惯正在养成,83.3%的人认为绿色奥运提高了自己的环境意识,这种积极的影响还在持续。本文采用文献资料法、调查问卷法、数理统计法等从绿色奥运与提高公众环境知识水平、参与环保能力和促进大众传媒关注环保等4个方面分析绿色奥运对北京市公众环境意识的影响,并探讨环境教育在世界城市目标下面临的形势和挑战。     

西递、宏村古村落的股份合作制经营模式设计

西递、宏村对世界遗产资源的经营模式在全国具有典型性,西递由村办旅游公司,收入按照人口和房屋两种形式分配.家庭化管理,经营不规范。宏村是租赁给外来企业经营，市场化运作，标准化管理，但忽视了村民的合法权益，企业和村民矛盾尖锐。股份合作制保留了这两种模式的优点，又克服了缺点，也不是这两种模式的简单相加，而是按照现代企业制度运营，它在股权设置、收益分配、民主管理各方面都有严格的规定。其经营模式的成功，将对我国其它遗产资源的经营提供镜鉴。     

云冈石窟世界遗产地的可持续发展研究

云冈石窟于2001年被联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会列入《世界遗产名录》.介绍了云冈石窟的概况、地理条件和地质环境,总结归纳了云冈石窟的特征和杰出价值,指出了云冈石窟存在的问题,并提出促进遗产地真实性和完整性的保护对策,以推进世界遗产的可持续发展.     

Environmental risk: Management strategies in the developing world

This paper describes a heuristic model which helps to relate a developing nation's environmental risk to the level of sophistication appropriate in adjusting management strategy to dealing with environmental hazards. The model takes into account three factors: the degree of risk, the stage of economic growth, and the sophistication of adjustment. The interrelationship of these factors is examined, and the role of international cooperation in establishing strategies is outlined.     

基于地质遗迹的地质公园可持续发展模式研究——以五大连池世界地质公园为例

近年来，随着联合国教科文组织建立世界地质公园计划的快速推进，我国对地质遗迹的保护和开发也给予了高度重视。在对五大连池火山地质遗迹及其保护利用现状分析的基础上，从如何正确处理保护利用与旅游开发的关系，如引导社区参与开发、强化环保意识、立法保护、建立地质遗迹信息库和管理人才培养、与科研机构合作等多个方面详细阐述了基于地质遗迹开发利用的五大连池世界地质公园可持续发展模式的思路和方法。     

构建责任政府推进我国可持续政府采购

可持续政府采购是全球推进可持续发展的重要手段,是推进社会责任的重要举措之一,已成为当今政府采购制度的国际新取向,也是我国目前全面落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会、贯彻实施资源节约型、环境友好型和社会和谐型的可持续发展战略的重要措施之一,但同时也有可能成为国际政府采购市场中新的贸易壁垒。面对国际社会可持续政府采购发展态势,我国应该:第一,积极参与和全面把握全球可持续政府采购发展趋势,高度关注和积极推进发展中国家促进可持续政府采购的优先领域。第二,完善相关法律法规。第三,建立健全可持续政府采购技术标准体系,第四,公布政府采购行为,完善管理监督机制,构建责任政府和责任企业的价值体系。     

Fish consumption reduces transfer of BDE47 from dam to murine offspring

Fish and seafood are important contributions to a healthy diet, but also contain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Discrepancies have been found between intake and accumulated levels of POPs, where fish consumers have had similar levels of POPs to the general population. Similarly fish oil consumption has been found to reduce accumulation of POPs. This study examined the accumulation of BDE47 or PCB153 in mice fed diets with different nutritional composition, using female mice with pre-weanling pups exposed through gestation and lactation. A fish-based diet was compared to a standard casein-based rodent diet. All diets had low background levels of environmental contaminants and were spiked with BDE47 or PCB153 to levels representing a realistic (∼0.004 μmol kgbw⁻¹ d) or a high dietary exposure (∼1.3 μmol kgbw⁻¹ d). Accumulation of BDE47 or PCB153 in offspring tissues after 18 d lactation reflected the maternal exposure levels. However, the pups of dams fed a fish-based diet had consistently lower BDE47 accumulation in liver, fat and stomach than pups from casein-fed dams. Similarly the pups of dams fed a high dose of PCB153 in a fish diet also accumulated less PCB153 than pups of the dams fed a casein diet, although not significant. In conclusion, the fish based diets seemed to reduce transfer of BDE47 and PCB153 from dams to pups. The study highlights that in-depth knowledge about nutritional impact on toxicokinetics is of great interest to vulnerable consumers.     

Environmental movement in Lebanon

The paper reviews and assesses the evolution of the environmental movement in both the public and the private sector in Lebanon. It studies the public sector involvement in the environmental movement by reviewing the commitments made by the government to the local, regional and international communities. The paper presents a summary of all the decisions, decrees, and laws pertaining to environmental protection that the Lebanese government has instituted over time, as well as all the conventions and agreements that the country has ratified and/or signed. Compared to the Arab world in the Middle East and North Africa, Lebanon is relatively more active and integrated in the world community. Using the total number of established environmental organizations and the level of reported activities aimed at spreading environmental awareness and educating people as indicators of private sector involvement in the environmental movement, the paper concludes that the post war era is characterized by a significant increase in the number of established organizations. It also concludes that there is a co-movement between economic and environmental variables. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

中国世界遗产的资源管理与可持续发展研究——以登封“天地之中”历史建筑群为例

登封“天地之中”历史建筑群包括8处11项中国古代建筑精华,2010年联合国教科文组织第34届世界遗产大会将其列入《世界遗产名录》。简要介绍了“天地之中”历史建筑群的概况,阐述了其历史背景、建筑特点、文化内涵和遗产价值,分析了遗产资源存在的问题,并从完善管理体制角度出发,对遗产资源的可持续发展提出了相关建议。