CuO/γ-Al2O3烟气联合脱硫脱氮技术研究进展

燃烧等带来的SO2 和NOx 是酸雨的主要来源 ,开发能联合控制SO2 与NOx 污染的技术具有极大的应用前景。本文对国内外研究的干法CuO/γ Al2 O3烟气联合脱硫脱氮技术的研究历史与现状进行了详细的评述 ,并指出了该项技术在实际运行中存在的问题     

氯沙坦对X综合症大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的探讨氯沙坦对x综合症大鼠糖脂代谢的影响.方法采用高果糖饲料饲养两肾一夹SD大鼠4周,诱导建立x综合症模型,实验随机分为对照组;x综合症组;对照组 氯沙坦组;x综合症组 氯沙坦组.每周检测各组尾动脉收缩压,于12周末采血测定各组血糖、血脂、血胰岛素水平,同时计算胰岛素敏感指数.结果x综合症组 氯沙坦组与x综合症组对比,氯沙坦降低了收缩压(P<0.01)、空腹血糖(8.01 mmol/l vs13.81 mmol/lP<0.01)、、甘油三酯(0.88 mmol/l vs 1.53 mmol/lP<0.01)、总胆固醇(0.79 mmol/l vs 1.57mmol/lP<0.01),升高了胰岛素敏感指数(-5.71 vs-6.40P<0.05).结论氯沙坦能降低x综合症大鼠的血压,减轻胰岛素抵抗,纠正糖、脂代谢紊乱.表1,图1,参12.     

Correlating the Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Ammonia with δ15N Values at an Ammonia Release Site

A field ammonia (NH₃) release experiment and open top chambers containing moorland monoliths continuously fumigated with NH₃ or sprayed with NH₄Cl were used to assess the potential for using x186k5616x751/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">¹⁵N values in determining the area of influence around a point NH₃ emission source. x186k5616x751/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">¹⁵N values are being increasingly used as environmental tracers and we tested the hypothesis that the x186k5616x751/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">¹⁵N signal from an NH₃ emission source is observable in nearby vegetation. Using modified monitoring devices, atmospheric NH₃ concentrations were found to decrease with distance from source, with x186k5616x751/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">¹⁵N values also reflecting this trend, producing a signal shift with changing concentration. Open top chamber studies of x186k5616x751/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">¹⁵N values of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull indicated a correlation with deposition treatments in current year shoots. Analysis of Calluna shoots from the NH₃ release showed a similar trend of x186k5616x751/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">¹⁵N enrichment. Significant linear correlations between x186k5616x751/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">¹⁵N and percent N in plant material were found, both in the controlled conditions of the open top chambers and at the NH₃ release site, illustrating the possible use of this technique in N deposition biomonitoring.     

Mechanical Properties and Lipase-Catalyzed Biodegradation of α-Methyl, ε-Caprolactone/ ε-Caprolactone Copolymers Obtained by Chemical Modification of Poly(ε-caprolactone)

Novel (xh743x6766g226t/xxlarge949.gif" alt="epsi" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-caprolactone)-based copolymers of different compositions were synthesized by allowing methyl iodide to react with the polycarbanion that resulted from the action of lithium diisopropylamide on poly(xh743x6766g226t/xxlarge949.gif" alt="epsi" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-caprolactone) in THF at &#x2013;70°C under argon atmosphere. The copolymers were characterized by various techniques, namely ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction and viscoelasticimetry. They were submitted to hydrolytic and lipase-catalyzed enzymatic degradation in comparison with genuine PCL. The Young modulus depended on the degree of methylation. In contrast, loss angle and glass transition temperature did not depend on this parameter. It is shown that the lipase-catalyzed degradation of methylated PCL is much slower than in the case of genuine PCL.     

Effect of potential HONO sources on peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation in eastern China in winter

As an important secondary photochemical pollutant, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) has been studied over decades, yet its simulations usually underestimate the corresponding observations, especially in polluted areas. Recent observations in north China found unusually high concentrations of PAN during wintertime heavy haze events, but the current model still cannot reproduce the observations, and researchers speculated that nitrous acid (HONO) played a key role in PAN formation. For the first time we systematically assessed the impact of potential HONO sources on PAN formation mechanisms in eastern China using the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model in February of 2017. The results showed that the potential HONO sources significantly improved the PAN simulations, remarkably accelerated the RO_x (sum of hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, and organic peroxy radicals) cycles, and resulted in 80%–150% enhancements of PAN near the ground in the coastal areas of eastern China and 10%–50% enhancements in the areas around 35–40°N within 3 km during a heavy haze period. The direct precursors of PAN were aldehyde and methylglyoxal, and the primary precursors of PAN were alkenes with C > 3, xylenes, propene and toluene. The above results suggest that the potential HONO sources should be considered in regional and global chemical transport models when conducting PAN studies.     

The production of formaldehyde and hydroxyacetone in methacrolein photooxidation: New insights into mechanism and effects of water vapor

Methacrolein(MACR) is an abundant multifunctional carbonyl compound with high reactivity in the atmosphere. In this study, we investigated the hydroxyl radical initiated oxidation of MACR at various NO/MACR ratios(0 to 4.04) and relative humidities( 3% to80%) using a flow tube. Meanwhile, a box model based on the Master Chemical Mechanism was performed to test our current understanding of the mechanism. In contrast to the reasonable predictions for hydroxyacetone production, the modeled yields of formaldehyde(HCHO) were twice higher than the experimental results. The discrepancy was ascribed to the existence of unconsidered non-HCHO forming channels in the chemistry of CH_3-UC(=CH_2)OO, which account for approx. 50%. In addition, the production of hydroxyacetone and HCHO were affected by water vapor as well as the initial NO/MACR ratio. The yields of HCHO were higher under humid conditions than that under dry condition. The yields of hydroxyacetone were higher under humid conditions at low-NO_x level, while lower at high-NOxlevel. The reasonable explanation for the lower hydroxyacetone yield under humid conditions at high-NO_x level is that water vapor promotes the production of Umethacrolein nitrate in the reaction of HOCH_2 C(CH_3)(OO)CHO with NO due to the peroxy radical-water complex formation, which was evidenced by calculational results. And the minimum equilibrium constant of this water complex formation was estimated to be 1.89 × 10~(-18) cm~3/molecule. These results provide new insights into the MACR oxidation mechanism and the effects of water vapor.     

The degradation of gel-spun poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) “wool”

The apparent biodegradability and biocompatibility of the microbially produced polyester, poly(x55w4175556536/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), has been the focus of much research by a number of authors with regard to its potential for use in packaging and medical implantation devices. PHB has recently been produced by gel-spinning into a novel form, with one possible application being as a wound scaffolding device, designed to support and protect a wound against further damage while promoting healing by encouraging cellular growth on and within the device from the wound surface. This new nonwoven form combines a large volume with a low mass, has an appearance similar to that of x55w4175556536/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">cotton wool,x55w4175556536/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> and has been called x55w4175556536/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">woolx55w4175556536/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> because of this similarity. The hydrolytic degradation of this wool was investigated in an accelerated model of pH 10.6 and temperature 70°C. It was determined that the PHB wool gradually collapsed during degradation. The surface area-to-volume ratio was concluded to be a primary influencing factor. Degradation was characterized by a reduction in the glass transition temperatures and melting points and a fusion enthalpy peak of maximum crystallinity, (88%), which coincided with the point of matrix collapse.     

上海浦东新区环境空气质量特点及成因分析

为了解浦东新区建区以来的环境空气质量，浦东新区环境保护监测站对1994年－2001年环境空气中主要污染物监测结果进行了分析：SO2，NOx,TSP的质量浓度和分指数结果相比较，TSP占有最大权重，处于污染主导地位，其主要污染源为工业粉尘，烟尘，机动车排放的尾气，建筑施工及道路交通产生的尘污染。     

我国东南部硫氧化物输送沉降模拟研究

介绍了一个简化的欧拉酸沉降模式,模拟中国东南部硫氧化物(SO_x)输送?转化和沉降过程的计算结果,并对计算结果进行了分析讨论      

氮氧化物在闽南地区酸雨中的贡献

通过对闽南地区降水?雾水和空气质量等数据的分析,说明闽南地区酸雨是燃煤和光化学烟雾混合型污染;闽南地区降水的SO2-₄/NO-₃比值是我国主要酸雨区中最低的,NO_x是闽南地区酸沉降形成的重要致酸前体物之一;闽南地区酸沉降中的NO-₃主要来源于当地的源排放。