利用复合酵母菌系统处理含油污泥

利用筛选得到的10株酵母菌组成复合酵母菌系统，并将该复合菌系统接种到泥浆反应器中对模拟油泥样品进行了处理。在对反应器进行优化的基础上，比较了复合酵母菌体系和经驯化的活性污泥体系对模拟风化油泥的处理效果，发现复合酵母菌在反应速度和油去除率上都优于活性污泥。利用GC—MS对复合酵母菌处理体亲中主要脂肪烃组分的变化进行了分析，结果表明原油组分中脂肪烃部分在处理8d后基本被完全降解。     

铜绿微囊藻生物钟蛋白KaiC的自激活活性和自身相互作用研究

通过PCR扩增了铜绿微囊藻的生物钟主控基因KaiC,并将其分别克隆到酵母双杂交系统的诱饵质粒pGBKT7和猎物质粒pGADT7中,然后将重组质粒pGBKT7-kaiC/pGADT7- kaiC和pGBKT7-kaiC/pGADT7分别共转化酵母菌AH109,经营养缺陷生长和β-半乳糖苷酶印迹检测表明,KaiC蛋白不具有毒性不会影响酵母细胞的生长,也不具有自激活活性,不会激活报告基因的表达,并且KaiC蛋白自身存在较强的相互作用.诱饵质粒pGBKT7-kaiC可用于从基因组文库中筛选KaiC的相互作用蛋白.     

Fenton试剂-硫酸镁深度处理酵母废水实验研究

采用Fenton试剂-硫酸镁对广东某酵母厂经厌氧、好氧、缺氧处理后的酵母废水进行深度处理。实验结果表明:采用Fenton试剂,在初始pH值为9、H2O2用量为5.55g/L、Fe2 加入量为1.41g/L、反应时间为20min的条件下,废水COD去除率达90%;继续采用硫酸镁对上清液进行处理,在调节pH为11～11.5、加入硫酸镁0.25～1.0g/L时,出水COD可降至138.0mg/L,颜色清澈。出水水质可达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)的二级标准。     

产氢新种Ethanoligenens harbinese B49的氮素营养与代谢特征

从氮源角度研究了一株产氢新种Ethanoligenens harbineseB49发酵葡萄糖和糖蜜的产氢特性及其营养需求,以及酵母粉对产氢菌E.harbinese B49生长和产氢的特殊效应.试验结果表明,在以葡萄糖为底物条件下,以酵母粉替代蛋白胨作为唯一氮源可以大大提高E.harbineseB49的产氢能力,单位体积产氢量从1700mL L-1培养基提高到2400mL L-1培养基,产氢能力提高40.35%.该条件下去除维生素液,E.harbinese B49的产氢能力不受影响.从E.harbinese B49产氢动力学分析可以看出,对数生长期处于12~22h期间.从对数期开始迅速产氢,并且一直持续到稳定前期,产氢速率达到16.8mL/h,生物气中最大氢含量为41%.驯化后的E.harbinese B49利用糖蜜为底物产氢,糖蜜COD为13g L-1时,单位体积最大产氢能力为1576mL L-1.当培养基中额外加入0.5g L-1酵母粉时,可以大大促进E.harbinese B49发酵糖蜜产氢的能力,单位体积氢产量达到1960mL L-1,提高了24.4%,比产氢率达到150.8mL(H2)/g(COD).以牛肉膏、蛋白胨、尿素为氮源时,E.harbineseB49产氢量提高较小.图4表2参16     

不同pH条件下酵母菌处理高含油废水的研究

在使用混合酵母菌菌株处理高浓度含油废水中，研究了序批式反应器（SBR）内酵母菌在不同起始pH条件下对废水的处理效果。通过与pH中性或碱性条件比较发现，pH4～5的条件在酵母菌的发泡抑制、菌体生长以及COD／油去除等方面均显示出更好的效果，pH5是系统运行的最佳条件。长达100d的SBR连续运行试验表明，系统可以在pH=5条件下长期、稳定运行。     

Xenobiotics: Substrates and inhibitors of the plant cytochrome P450

The ability of a plant cytochrome P450 to bind and metabolise plant endogenous molecules and xenobiotics was investigated. The work was performed on the yeast-expressed CYP73A1, a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase isolated fromHelianthus tuberosus. CYP73 controls the general phenylpropanoid pathway and is likely to be one of the most abundant sources of P450 in the biosphere. The enzyme shows a high selectivity toward plant secondary metabolites. Nevertheless, it oxygenates several small and planar xenobiotics with low efficiency, including an herbicide (chlorotoluron). One xenobiotic molecule, 2naphthoic acid, is hydroxylated with an efficiency comparable to that of the physiological substrate. This reaction was used to devise a fluorimetric test for the rapid measurement of enzyme activity. A series of herbicidal molecules (hydroxybenzonitriles) are shown to bind the active site without being metabolised. These molecules behave as strong competitive inhibitors of CYP73 with a K_i in the same micromolar range as the K_m for the physiological substrate. It is proposed that their inhibition of the phenylpropanoid pathway reinforces their other phytotoxic effects at the level of the chloroplasts. All our results indicate a strong reciprocal interaction between plant P450s and xenobiotics.     

酵母菌处理黄泔水试验研究

采用小型和中型试验装置利用酵母菌对豆制品生产中产生的黄泔水进行预处理 ,对其实用性和经济性进行了探讨。试验分析了一些对处理过程和效果有关的主要影响因素 ,并通过中试为生产型设备的设计提供基本参数。     

Analysis of estrogenic activity in coastal surface waters of the Baltic Sea using the yeast estrogen screen

In the present study, the yeast estrogen screen (YES) has been used to assess the estrogenic activity in surface waters of a coastal region in the German Baltic Sea. Solid-phase extraction using the copolymer Oasis HLB followed by a clean-up on silica was carried out on approximately 50-l water samples. From the final 400 μl extract volume, 100 μl aliquots were used for the measurement of estrogenic activity and for chemical analysis, which was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). From 29 samples taken during two campaigns (2003 and 2004) at five different stations 27 samples showed an estrogenic response higher than 10%. The response in the YES was expressed as measured estradiol equivalents (EEQs), which were in the range of 0.01 (Darss Peninsula) to 0.82 ng/l (Inner Wismar Bay). Samples from stations located in inner coastal waters showed higher estrogenic activities than those from outer located stations. A comparison of measured estrogenicity (YES) and calculated estrogenicity (chemical analysis) showed significant differences, probably due to the presence of anti-estrogenic compounds and/or the estrogenic activity of unknown, not identified contaminants. The main contributors to the overall estrogenic activity were synthetic and natural hormones.     

啤酒废酵母核酸降解物在龙眼生产上应用的研究

使用45μg/mL的啤酒废酵母核酸降解物处理龙眼后，与对照相比叶片厚度增加了16.80%，叶片鲜比重（mg/cm^2）增加了14.15％，叶片干比重（mg/cm^2）增加了32.12%,叶绿素a增加了68.88%，叶绿素b增加了27.50%，叶绿素总量增加了56.10%，使用40μg/mL的核酸降解物处理后，能增加龙眼雌花量，提高雌雄花比，座果数比对照增加了183.94%，单株产量增加128.94%，单果重增加26.57%，可食率增加11.29%，可溶性固型物增加9.51％，维生素C增加14.97%，明显地改善了龙眼的果实品质。     

4只偶氮染料对酿酒酵母的毒性效应

选取合适的代表生物反映污染物的毒害效应是生态风险评价的重要手段之一。以酿酒酵母作为测试生物,通过测定酿酒酵母细胞在含偶氮染料的YPD培养基中的存活率、复制寿命和细胞终结类型的数量,评价了4只偶氮染料的毒性大小。结果表明:4只偶氮染料都有一定的生物毒性,且生物毒性随染料浓度的增加而加大;一般毒性大小为直接耐晒黄RS>直接湖蓝5B>直接红棕RN>直接紫N;致畸、致癌作用大小为直接红棕RN>直接紫N>直接湖蓝5B>直接耐晒黄RS;一般毒性与致畸、致癌作用的大小没有必然联系。与传统的生物毒性检测方法相比,此方法不仅能够反映染料的一般生物毒性,而且能够体现出染料的致畸、致癌两种特殊毒性,为偶氮染料的生物毒性检测提供了新的技术手段。