周期换向电凝聚法处理活性嫩黄X-6G模拟染料废水研究

分别采用铝和铁板作为两极,通过周期性改变电流方向使电极钝化和极化现象得以减缓或消失,并实现两极均可溶,利用铝、铁系无机絮凝剂共存时可提高处理效果的特点,对活性嫩黄X-6G模拟染料废水进行处理;通过单因素条件实验,获得了该方法的最佳处理条件。利用紫外-可见光分光光度法和飞行质谱等手段对废水处理过程的脱色反应机理进行了分析。研究表明:最佳条件下,采用周期换向电凝聚法处理活性嫩黄X-6G模拟染料废水30 min,可使模拟废水脱色率达到98%以上,COD去除率可达77%以上;处理过程中除大部分染料分子直接被电凝聚气浮或沉降导致脱色外,部分活性嫩黄X-6G染料分子在电解作用下首先断裂成不同结构的中间体,含有双键的中间体再发生加氢或氧化反应,使双键结构遭到破坏而脱色。     

污水中黄磷的光度测定法

用一种新的分光光度法测定废水和轻度污染河水中的黄磷.水中的黄磷经有机溶剂萃取后,与硝酸银溶液反应生成亮黄色,可于分光光度计上比色测定.检测下限0.01μg;相对标准偏差0％—8％;回收率88％—100％·与磷钼酸盐光度法比较.本方法简单、快速、灵敏度高、选择性好,无毒安全.     

铬渣制取铬黄淋滤液中过量铅离子的去除研究

用累托石做吸附剂来处理铬渣淋滤液制铬黄过程中产生的过量Pb^2-。当pH为5．6～7．3,反应时间90min,吸附剂与水量比为24g／L.pbe^2 浓度由2．5mg／L降到0．05mg／L,Pb^2 的去除率最高可达98％,外排废水符合GB8978—1996一级标准。     

广西山地漂白黄壤的理化性质及合理利用

广西山地漂白黄壤分布在中、低山地的上部，即海拔１２００ｍ以上的山体坡面和山顶部位，成为广西土壤垂直带谱最上层结构的主要土壤类型．在温暖多雨、多云雾的亚热带季风气候条件下，以常绿阔叶林为主的自然森林植被生长茂密，土壤矿物分解较为彻底，成土过程主要是旺盛的生物富集过程、明显的脱硅富铅化与水化过程以及强烈的淋浴侧渗漂洗过程。土壤剖面层次发育明显，具Ａ１－Ａ２－Ｅ－Ｂ－Ｃ或ＡＨ－Ａ－Ｅ－Ｂ－Ｃ构型。土壤质地多为重壤土至中粘土，呈强酸性反应。表土阳离子代换量中等，有机质含量丰富，肥力高，适于发展林业，特别是发展水源林和水土保持林，它是广西最重要的水源林区。     

Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas

Yellow phosphorous is an important raw material in the chemical industry. However, during the production of yellow phosphorous, high concentrations of carbon monoxide and other impurities are released. Without appropriate purification and removal, this off gas has potential to cause severe pollution problems once released. Purified yellow phosphorous off gas can be beneficially reused as a raw material in chemical production for synthesis of high value-added chemical reagents. In this paper, the significance of purification and reutilization of yellow phosphorous off gas are explored. The principles, processes, and main characteristics of the technologies for purification and reuse of yellow phosphorus off gas (including technical measurements of impurity reduction, relevant engineering cases, and public acceptance of the technologies) are summarized. In view of the existing problems and scientific development requirements, this paper proposes several recommendations for green production based on the concept of recycle economics. We conclude that advanced purification and comprehensive reutilization can be an effective solution for heavy pollution resulting from yellow phosphorous off gassing.     

餐厨垃圾生物有机肥对贫瘠黄褐土改良的研究

为了阐明餐厨垃圾生物有机肥改良贫瘠土壤的作用机制,以贫瘠黄褐土为研究对象,通过不施肥、长期（>5 a）施用化肥、中长期（5 a）施用少量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥和短期（1 a）施用大量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥4种施肥方式,分别记为CK组、CF组、LOF-5组和MOF-1组,对比分析不同施肥方式对土壤OM（有机质）、活性有机碳、营养元素和团聚体等的影响.结果表明:①施用餐厨垃圾生物有机肥可显著提高土壤OM、活性有机碳含量,其中,MOF-1组提高效果最显著,与CK组相比,w（OM）可提高173.29%,w（ROC）（ROC为易氧化有机碳）增加了39.17%,w（POC）（POC为颗粒有机碳）和w（DOC）（DOC为可溶性有机碳）分别是CK组的13.85和10.32倍.②中长期（5 a）施用少量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥可增加土壤中较大粒径团聚体的占比,且更有利于提高土壤团粒结构的稳定性,LOF-5组>2 mm粒级的团聚体占比是CK组的4.68倍;与CK组相比,LOF-5组MWD（平均重量直径）增加了100.00%,GMD（几何平均直径）增加了82.98%,>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体质量占比（DR_0.25）增加了27.20%.③中长期（5 a）施用少量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥可增加土壤中w（TN）（TN为全氮）和w（AN）（AN为速效氮）,与CK组相比,LOF-5组w（TN）和w（AN）分别增加了77.42%和20.82%.施用餐厨垃圾有机肥也可同时增加土壤中w（AP）（AP为速效磷）和w（AK）（AK为速效钾）,MOF-1组增加效果较佳,w（AP）和w（AK）分别是CK组的9.43和3.39倍.研究显示,中长期（5 a）施用少量餐厨垃圾生物有机肥可提升土壤固碳能力,提高土壤养分利用的有效性,从而提升耕地土壤质量,减少化肥施用量,是我国贫瘠黄褐土改良的有效施肥模式.      

桑枝基吸附剂的制备及其对阴离子染料的吸附

为了废弃桑枝的资源化,利用3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)对桑枝进行醚化改性制备桑枝基吸附剂,通过正交实验优化了吸附剂的制备条件。采用制备的吸附剂吸附水中阴离子染料日落黄,研究了pH值、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和吸附温度对吸附效果的影响,测定了日落黄在吸附剂上的吸附等温线。结果表明,制备吸附剂的最佳工艺条件为CTA与桑枝粉的质量比为0.5,NaOH与桑枝粉的质量比为1.0,微波功率为300 W,反应时间为3 min。制备的吸附剂对质量浓度为50 mg/L的日落黄的最大吸附去除率达92.0%。日落黄在吸附剂上的等温吸附线可用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程来描述,饱和吸附容量为18.21 mg/g,吸附易于进行。吸附速率数据可以用准二级吸附动力学方程拟合,说明日落黄在吸附剂上的吸附以化学吸附为主。     

Elevated CO2 changes the moderate shade tolerance of yellow birch seedlings

To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels (2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight)×2 CO2 levels (350 and 700±10 ppm) with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.     

pH对黄棕壤重金属解吸特征的影响

对黄棕壤在pH 4~7不同吸附量下6种典型重金属(Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Co2+、Ni2+)的解吸进行了测定。结果表明,6种重金属的解吸量随吸附量增加而线性增大,解吸量随pH升高而增加,但解吸量占吸附量的比例随pH升高而降低。在试验条件下,黄棕壤吸附Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Co2+、Ni2+的平均解吸率分别为8.6%、14.3%、74.1%、9.2%、42.1%和36.9%,表明黄棕壤对6种重金属的专性吸附选择性和亲和力顺序为Cu2+、Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+。     

多波长分光光度法在环境监测中的应用

根据NO2^-与AY(吖啶黄)的重氮化偶联反应。研究了反应的最佳条件，利用四波长处吸光度加和值与NO2^-浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系。建立四波长测定微量NO2^-含量的新方法。应用于环境样品的监测。获得了满意的效果。符合环境监测的要求。