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Waste tyres pose a major disposal problem on land creating a fire hazard and, in warmer climates, providing breeding pools for mosquitoes. the void space in tyres makes them unsuitable for land burial. Schemes to use shredded tyres for road bases and asphalt filler are being pursued in the USA. Tyre combustion for electricity production is being investigated in the UK.
The widespread availability and durability of tyres has led to their use in the marine environment for breakwaters/coastal defence structures and as artificial reefs for promoting fisheries.
Tyres have a low density and have been used in floating breakwaters. Schemes have been proposed to protect and strengthen shorelines with tyre structures.
The void space in tyres facilitates the construction of artificial reefs to attract fish. the most intensive use is in the south west Pacific and Australia. Tyre surfaces are colonised by algae and a wide range of faunal species, including corals and shellfish. the wide acceptance of tyres as a suitable reef construction material appears to be based largely on these observations. Experience of initial poor deployment practices in the USA led to tyres washing ashore after storms and resulted in the banning or restriction of their use in coastal states of the USA. A review of the scientific literature has yielded limited information on the environmental impact of tyres and in particular the leaching of heavy metals and organic compounds from tyres into sea water.
Preliminary results of tyre dust/sea water leaching studies are presented. These identify zinc as the major leachate (totalling 10mg/tyre after 3 months). Diluted leachates have not shown significant effects of the growth of the phytoplankton Phaeodactylum and Isocrysis.
Further work to characterise the sea water leaching of tyre compounds is recommended. 相似文献
The widespread availability and durability of tyres has led to their use in the marine environment for breakwaters/coastal defence structures and as artificial reefs for promoting fisheries.
Tyres have a low density and have been used in floating breakwaters. Schemes have been proposed to protect and strengthen shorelines with tyre structures.
The void space in tyres facilitates the construction of artificial reefs to attract fish. the most intensive use is in the south west Pacific and Australia. Tyre surfaces are colonised by algae and a wide range of faunal species, including corals and shellfish. the wide acceptance of tyres as a suitable reef construction material appears to be based largely on these observations. Experience of initial poor deployment practices in the USA led to tyres washing ashore after storms and resulted in the banning or restriction of their use in coastal states of the USA. A review of the scientific literature has yielded limited information on the environmental impact of tyres and in particular the leaching of heavy metals and organic compounds from tyres into sea water.
Preliminary results of tyre dust/sea water leaching studies are presented. These identify zinc as the major leachate (totalling 10mg/tyre after 3 months). Diluted leachates have not shown significant effects of the growth of the phytoplankton Phaeodactylum and Isocrysis.
Further work to characterise the sea water leaching of tyre compounds is recommended. 相似文献
344.
The growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium(ATCC 24725) in pellets was influenced by culture time,medium pH,C/N,surfactant concentration,spore number in inoculum,and shaking rate.The removal of Pb^2 from aqueous solution by this kind of mycelial pellets was studied.The results indicated that many factors affected biosorption.These factors included pH,Pb^2 concentration,co-ion,adsorption time, and chemical pretreatments of biomass.Under optimum biosorption conditions(pH4.5,27℃,16h),the highest lead uptake of 108 mg/g,was observed with mycelial pellets of 1.5-1.7 mm in diameter which were treated with 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution before adsorption.Pretreatment of biomass with NaOH further increased its biosorption capacity. 相似文献
345.
采用单缝石英管技术作为火焰原子化器的原子捕集阱,以火焰法测定地表水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等痕量元素,进一步提高了石英管法的灵敏度。依上述元素的顺序,其方法的最低检出浓度分别为4.0、10.0、1.0、1.0μg·l~(-1);对不同浓度标准溶液的精密度实验,其变异系数分别为0.5%、0.6%、1.6%、0.4%;对地表水加标回收率试验结果分别为95%—106%、100%—105%、95%—109%、84%—99%。 相似文献
346.
催化光度法测定污水中的苯胺 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究了在硫酸环境中苯胺对Ⅰ~-催化Ce~(4 )-As(Ⅲ)氧化还原反应的抑制作用及其动力学条件,据此建立了催化光度法测定苯胺的新方法。实验结果表明,在0.01mg/L Ⅰ~-、0.001mol/L Ce(SO_4)_2、0.00125mol/L As_2O_3、0.75%(W/V)NaCl、0.225mol/L H_2SO_4溶液中测定苯胺,其线性范围为0.00-0.35mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.02×10~sL·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。采用初蒸馏法可消除金属离子、氨、苯酚。水杨酸的干扰、用本法测定污水中苯胺,结果满意。 相似文献
347.
随着社会的发展,人们在室内和汽车内的时间占人一生中总的时间的90%还多。而且室内环境的好坏直接影响我们的身体健康。同时冰箱引起的健康问题逐渐被人们所重视。 相似文献
348.
干旱综合防御集成技术机制及在华北冬麦区的示范应用研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
论文将底墒效应利用技术、土壤深松技术、秸秆覆盖技术、有限水分胁迫效应利用技术、喷施多功能防旱剂五项单项抗旱技术在冬小麦播前及各个发育阶段适时、适地综合集成,并给出了应用量化指标。于1998~2000年在河南、河北、山东省进行示范推广应用。结果表明:冬小麦干旱综合防御集成技术是通过各单项抗旱技术触发和优化冬小麦找水、增水、保水、节水、控水的五种水分利用机制,发挥了植物生理生态、土壤理化性状、土壤水库、麦田小气候效应和化学制剂喷施等多种防旱抗旱的效能,时间贯穿于冬小麦整个生育期,可实现持续防旱抗旱。集成技术具有比各单项技术更显著的增产、节水效果。在两个典型大旱年的情况下,集成技术使水分利用效率提高10.6%~53.7%,平均提高27.7%;小麦增产7.0%~42.3%,平均增产16.6%;每公顷增加纯收入490~1200元。 相似文献
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IntroductionZincisoneofthemostimportantmetalsinmodernindustryandhasbeenusedwidespreadly.Mostofthezincmetalsintheworldisproduc?.. 相似文献