木屑和花生壳吸附去除水溶液中Cr3+的试验研究

以废弃物木屑和花生壳作为吸附剂,进行了吸附去除水中Cr3 的试验.研究了溶液pH值、初始Cr3 浓度以及温度等因素对这2种吸附剂去除Cr3 作用的影响,对吸附曲线作了线性拟合,确定了相应的平衡吸附率,在Cr3 初始浓度为1、5、10和20 mg/L时,木屑对Cr3 的平衡吸附率为81%、68%、56%和40%,花生壳依次为77%、63%、53%和42%,并探讨了这2种吸附剂对溶液中Cr3 的吸附机理.     

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池启动性能研究

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池 (ZBAF)对氨氮的去除包括生物硝化和离子交换两种作用。中试装置启动试验表明 ,初期对氨氮的去除以离子交换作用为主 ,末期以硝化作用为主 ,不能以氨氮总去除率达到稳定作为启动过程结束的标志 ,而应以氨氮硝化去除率达到稳定作为标志。沿程试验表明 ,硝化细菌对沸石的“生物再生功能” ,实质是已被沸石交换的氨氮被水中浓度较大的其他阳离子交换下来后 ,被硝化菌所利用的现象 ;沸石表面有生物膜时 ,仍具有交换氨氮能力     

醋酸乙烯生产过程废触媒的资源化回收

采用正交实验研究了微波、超声波条件对废触媒解吸效果的影响,对比实验结果表明,1次微波2次超声波联用技术锌的洗脱率较高,回收的活性炭超过了林业局粉状活性炭二级品指标.用洗脱的醋酸锌溶液制备的磷酸锌符合防锈颜料要求.最终的废液采用电石废渣中和后达到国家废水处理三级排放标准.实现了废触媒的综合回收利用.     

离子交换树脂及其在废水处理中的应用

介绍了离子交换树脂及其在多种废水处理中的应用研究。离子交换树脂法处理废水具有可深度净化、处理效率高和能实现多种金属综合回收的优点，在水处理领域必将得到更为深入的应用。     

离子选择电极分析法测定标样中氟化物的不确定度评定

通过对离子选择电极法测定标样中氟化物的过程研究，分析了该方法测量不确定度的来源，给出了相对不确定度分量，得出测量扩展不确定度的结果。     

交联聚乙烯亚胺螯合树脂对锌离子的吸附研究

以聚丙烯腈 (PAN)大孔树脂为载体 ,将活性组分聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI)通过化学涂敷手段交联在其表面 ,制备出一种新型交联螯合树脂。本文考察了此树脂对溶液中锌离子的吸附性能 ,开展了饱和吸附容量、等温吸附曲线、pH影响曲线以及吸附速度曲线等实验。结果表明 ,此交联螯合树脂具有对锌离子吸附能力强、吸附速度快等特点 ,可望用于含锌废水的处理及回收。     

Thermal and spectroscopic studies on sorption of nickel(II) ion on protonated baker's yeast

Protonated form (Hy) of yeast was subjected to thermal analysis (TGA and DTG) in the temperature range 60–800 °C. Chemically bound water volatilizes around 200 °C and the matrix undergoes extensive oxidative decomposition at 450 °C, the weight loss reaching 75% at 800 °C. The sorption capacity of the matrix for nickel(II) ion increases on heat treatment from 60 to 200 °C (from 16.9 to 25.0 mg/g), but was reduced on heating to higher temperatures at an initial nickel(II) ion concentration of 1200 mg/g. The FTIR spectra of Hy and nickel(II) ion saturated yeast, indicated that biosorption occurs on the sugar and nucleic acid regions, possibly involving –COOH and –NH groups.     

Perchlorate as an environmental contaminant

Perchlorate anion (ClO4-) has been found in drinking water supplies throughout the southwestern United States. It is primarily associated with releases of ammonium perchlorate by defense contractors, military operations, and aerospace programs. Ammonium perchlorate is used as a solid oxidant in missile and rocket propulsion systems. Traces of perchlorate are found in Chile saltpeter, but the use of such fertilizer has not been associated with large scale contamination. Although it is a strong oxidant, perchlorate anion is very persistent in the environment due to the high activation energy associated with its reduction. At high enough concentrations, perchlorate can affect thyroid gland functions, where it is mistakenly taken up in place of iodide. A safe daily exposure has not yet been set, but is expected to be released in 2002. Perchlorate is measured in environmental samples primarily by ion chromatography. It can be removed by anion exchange or membrane filtration. It is destroyed by some biological and chemical processes. The environmental occurrence, toxicity, analytical chemistry, and remediative approaches are discussed.     

离子交换纤维对重金属的吸附研究

采用自制强酸性阳离子交换纤维对镉、铅离子的吸附性能进行了初步研究。实验结果表明 ,强酸性阳离子交换纤维对镉、铅离子具有较好的吸附能力 ,其最大吸附容量分别为 2 0 6.6mg g和 10 5 .5mg g ;吸附速度快 ,2 0min即可达到平衡。用Langmuir方程对其吸附等温线进行回归 ,结果显示实测值与理论方程具有较好的一致性     

Distribution normality of pH and H<Superscript>+</Superscript> activity in soil

Soil pH, a log-transformed form of hydrogen ion (H⁺) activity, is often used for various statistics. However whether soil pH meets the requirement of distribution normality for statistical analyses is unknown. We studied the statistical suitability of both soil pH and H⁺ activity by examining their distribution normalities. Results show that the variability of H⁺ activity is higher and its distribution is skewer, which is significantly different from the normal and soil pH, regardless of soil conditions and analytical methods. Here we demonstrate that soil pH is more appropriate than the H⁺ activity for performing statistical analysis in terms of distribution normality.