还原共沉淀法制备Fe-Ti复合氧化物及其吸附水中As(Ⅴ)的研究

采用还原-共沉淀法制备了无定型纳米复合Fe-Ti氧化物(FFT)吸附剂,并研究其对水中低浓度As(Ⅴ)的去除性能.XRD表征结果表明,制备的纳米FFT物相为无定型,BET比表面积达325.3 m2·g-1,计算得到的BJH吸附平均孔径为2.46 nm(4V/A),颗粒分布均匀.同时,考察了纳米FFT吸附As(Ⅴ)的动力学、热力学、吸附等温线,以及温度、水中共存离子对其去除As(Ⅴ)的影响.结果发现,纳米FFT对As(Ⅴ)的吸附符合拟二级动力学模型,计算出的孔道扩散系数DP在10-11~10-13cm2·s-1之间,显示孔扩散是速率限速步骤.Langmuir、Freundlich和DubininRadushkevich(D-R)吸附等温式均可较好地拟合吸附行为,低浓度下Langmuir吸附模型计算出的Qm达到26.46 mg·g-1.最后,研究了地下水中常见的共存离子对吸附的影响,发现Ca2+、Mg2+能够促进吸附,H2PO-4和HCO-3则明显抑制吸附过程.     

疏勒河上游地表水水化学主离子特征及其控制因素

在系统收集了疏勒河流域上游河水、地下水、降水和冰雪融水水样的基础上,综合运用描述性统计、Gibbs图和Piper阴阳离子三角图等方法,对疏勒河上游地表水中主离子组成特征及其控制因素进行了分析.结果表明,流域内不同水体(大气降水、河水和地下水)之间的主离子组成以及水化学类型差异显著.河水TDS的变化范围为51.7~432.3 mg·L-1,平均值为177.7 mg·L-1;河水中阳离子Ca2+、Mg2+的百分比为45%和31%,优势阴离子为HCO-3,占阴离子总量的75%,河水的水化学类型主要为HCO-3-Ca2+-Mg2+型;河水中主离子浓度值介于大气降水和地下水之间,并且十分接近地下水浓度,说明地表水同时受大气降水和地下水补给并主要依靠地下水补给;地表水样品的水化学组成落在Gibbs分布模型的中翼偏左端,表明研究区的水化学离子组成受到岩石风化作用和蒸发结晶作用的共同影响,且岩石风化作用对水化学离子组成的影响更加显著.     

利用H+浓度变化控制含Cl-的氨氮废水的电解时间

采用电化学间接氧化法处理含Cl^-的中高浓度氨氮废水,针对不同浓度的氨氮废水的电解时间的控制,提出利用废水的H⁺浓度变化控制氨氮废水实际处理时间.从理论计算及对模拟和实际氨氮废水进行电解分析发现：当废水氨氮还没有完全降解时,每一个NH₄⁺降解的过程中会生成一个H⁺,c（H⁺）随着时间线性上升;当氨氮刚好完全降解时,c（H⁺）达到最大值;此后继续电解且废水pH＜7时,电解过程形成的OH^-会持续消耗H⁺,c（H⁺）随着时间线性下降.利用pH计实时监测废水的pH值,通过程控信号转换器进行c（H⁺）与pH值的换算,将pH值信号转化为c（H⁺）信号,可提高决策的准确性和灵敏度.     

HSO3-强化Fe3+/S2O82-降解水中双氯芬酸

采用HSO₃^-强化Fe³⁺/S₂O₈^2-降解水中双氯芬酸（DCF）,考察了溶液初始pH值,Fe³⁺、HSO₃^-和S₂O₈^2-用量,溶解氧对HSO₃^-/Fe³⁺/S₂O₈^2-体系降解DCF的影响;通过自由基淬灭实验,识别了体系中主要的活性物种;最后,探讨了DCF在该体系中的降解产物和转化路径.结果表明：HSO₃^-可以明显促进Fe³⁺/S₂O₈^2-对DCF的降解,初始pH 4.0时,DCF降解效果最佳.DCF的降解速率随Fe³⁺或S₂O₈^2-浓度的增大而增大;适量增加HSO₃^-浓度可提高DCF的降解,而过量的HSO₃^-对DCF降解有一定抑制作用.在通入氮气条件下,DCF去除率仅下降10.4%,无明显的抑制作用.自由基抑制实验表明,该体系含有SO₄^·-、HO^·和SO₅^·-3种活性自由基,其对DCF降解的贡献率分别为83.0%、12.8%和4.3%.在HSO₃^-/Fe³⁺/S₂O₈^2-降解DCF的反应中共检测出4种产物,据此提出DCF可能的转化路径为：羟基化、脱羧基、脱水和甲酰化反应.     

Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants （Solanum lycopersicum）

The interaction between zinc and cadmium was investigated in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 10 mol/L CdCl2 associated to di erent concentrations of ZnCl2 (10, 50, 100, and 150 mol/L). Zn supply clearly reduced Cd accumulation in leaves and simultaneously increased Zn concentration. Cd induced oxidative stress in leaves as indicated by an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level and chlorophyll breakdown. Furthermore, compared with control, Cdtreated plants had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), whereas, catalase (CAT, EC 1.111.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. Zn supplementation, at low level, restored and enhanced the functional activity of these enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) as compared to Cd-alone-treated plants. The beneficial e ect of adequate Zn level on Cd toxicity was confirmed by a significant decrease in TBARS level and restoration of chlorophyll content. However, when Zn was added at high level in combination with Cd there was an accumulation of oxidative stress, which was higher than that for Cd or excess Zn alone treatments. These results suggested that higher Zn concentrations and Cd are synergistic in their e ect on plant growth parameters and oxidative stress.     

过硫酸钾消解-离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮的研究

用国标方法HJ636-2012测定地表水中总氮的过程中,过硫酸钾和氢氧化钠在220 nm对吸光度有干扰.为了消除其影响,建立过硫酸钾消解-离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮的新方法.用碱性过硫酸钾消解,采用离子色谱法测定水中总氮的浓度.总氮校准曲线线性关系良好,线性相关系数r达0.999 0,相对标准偏差(RSD％)为0.67,加标回收率为94.8％～105％,方法检出限为0.01 mg/L.该方法的精密度和准确度都能满足需求,适用于地表水中总氮的测定.     

黄原胶对水中铅离子吸附性能研究

作为生物大分子吸附剂,黄原胶具有吸附重金属离子的结构优势。该文主要研究了黄原胶对常见重金属Pb2+的吸附性能,并重点考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值2、温度、黄原胶浓度对吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明:吸附时间取30 min为宜;溶液的pH值在6.8~8.5之间时,黄原胶对Pb2+的去除率较高;适宜的吸附Pb2+温度为35℃;适宜的黄原胶用量为0.8 g/L。在此条件下,黄原胶对Pb2+的去除率达到80%以上。     

金属离子对剩余污泥水解嗜热菌酶促效果影响研究

利用从土壤中采集分离出来的嗜热菌进行嗜热酶溶解（S-TE）污泥稳定化处理,同时添加4种金属离子（K＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Fe2＋）,考察各金属离子对剩余污泥水解效果的影响.实验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,4种金属离子都能强化污泥酶促反应,反应5h左右时蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力达到最大值.反应过程中,200μmol·L-1K...     

Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum)

The interaction between zinc and cadmium was investigated in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 10 μmol/L CDC12 associated to different concentrations of ZnC12 (10, 50, 100, and 150 μmol/L). Zn supply clearly reduced Cd accumulation in leaves and simultaneously increased Zn concentration. Cd induced oxidative stress in leaves as indicated by an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level and chlorophyll breakdown. Furthermore, compared with control, Cdtreate plants had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), whereas, catalase (CAT, EC 1.111.1.6),ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. Zn supplementation, at low level, restored and enhanced the functional activity of these enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) as compared to Cd-alone-treated plants. The beneficial effect of adequate Zn level on Cd toxicity was confirmed by a significant decrease in TBARS level and restoration of chlorophyll content. However, when Zn was added at high level in combination with Cd there was an accumulation of oxidative stress, which was higher than that for Cd or excess Zn alone treatments. These results suggested that higher Zn concentrations and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth parameters and oxidative stress.     

新型IEM-UF耦合短程硝化反硝化系统脱氮特性

针对低碳氮比生活污水的特点,提出新型离子交换膜-超滤组合膜（IEM-UF）氮富集短程硝化反硝化脱氮工艺.研究了新型IEM-UF亚硝化反硝化脱氮系统在三阶段运行工况下各反应器的性能及整个系统的脱氮及COD去除效果,同时应用高通量技术探究菌群结构变化对脱氮效果的影响.试验结果表明：C/N为3,亚硝化反应器中DO=0.5mg/L条件下,亚硝化反应器中NO₂^--N积累率仅用19d就达到了90%;在短程反硝化进水流量比为2：1的条件下,COD及NO_x^--N平均去除率分别达到80%和89%以上.TN去除率最高达到64.8%.高通量16S rDNA测序结果表明,三阶段菌群结构变化与系统脱氮效果的变化一致,亚硝化反应3个阶段亚硝化单胞菌Nitrosomonas所占比例分别为3.69%、5.48%和0.53%,反硝化反应3个阶段反硝化菌Dechloromonas、Thauera之和占活性污泥总菌群比例达到33.35%、25.62%、20.52%.