巯基功能化13X分子筛对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附

用3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MPTMS）对13X分子筛表面进行修饰,采用XRD和FT—JR测试方法对功能化前后的分子筛结构进行表征,结果表明,功能化后分子筛在保持原有结构同时表面还接枝了对Ph^2＋离子有吸附能力的巯基基团。吸附实验表明,巯基功能化分子筛对水中Ph^2＋离子比原分子筛具有更强的吸附去除效果,饱和吸附容量和去除率提高近一倍。SH-13X对Ph^2＋离子的等温吸附符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附容量为47．01mg／g,吸附强度b为2．26。动力学分析表明SH-13X对Ph^2＋离子的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型,而且粒内扩散不是该吸附过程的主要吸附机制。溶液中的Ph“与嫁接在分子筛表面及孔口位置的-SH功能团形成配位络合物而去除。     

新型环保型自来水絮凝剂的研制及应用

根据“有机-无机”絮凝剂相复合协同增效的原则,研制出一种高效的复合环保型自来水絮凝剂,使其处理效果与传统絮凝剂比较,浊度下降0．65％,药剂成本下降9．29％,出水铝离子浓度比传统下降77．3％,无论从产品的性价比还是从环境友好等方面均明显优于传统的自来水絮凝剂,具有明显的经济与环境效益。     

Compressive strength and resistance to chloride ion penetration and carbonation of recycled aggregate concrete with varying amount of fly ash and fine recycled aggregate

Construction and demolition waste has been dramatically increased in the last decade, and social and environmental concerns on the recycling have consequently been increased. Recent technology has greatly improved the recycling process for waste concrete. This study investigates the fundamental characteristics of concrete using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for its application to structural concrete members. The specimens used 100% coarse RCA, various replacement levels of natural aggregate with fine RCA, and several levels of fly ash addition. Compressive strength of mortar and concrete which used RCA gradually decreased as the amount of the recycled materials increased. Regardless of curing conditions and fly ash addition, the 28 days strength of the recycled aggregate concrete was greater than the design strength, 40 MPa, with a complete replacement of coarse aggregate and a replacement level of natural fine aggregate by fine RCA up to 60%. The recycled aggregate concrete achieved sufficient resistance to the chloride ion penetration. The measured carbonation depth did not indicate a clear relationship to the fine RCA replacement ratio but the recycled aggregate concrete could also attain adequate carbonation resistance. Based on the results from the experimental investigations, it is believed that the recycled aggregate concrete can be successfully applied to structural concrete members.     

用Fe3+掺杂锐钛矿型TiO2光催化剂降解孔雀石绿

以硫酸钛为原料,用水热法制备了Fe3+掺杂锐钛矿型TiO2(Fe3+ - TiO2)粉末,用扫描电子显微镜测定了试样的形貌.研究了自制的Fe3+ - TiO,光催化剂对孔雀石绿的光催化降解作用.实验结果表明,在孔雀石绿溶液质量浓度为2 mg/L、Fe3+ - TiO2加入量为1.616 g/L、Fe3+-TiO2中Fe...     

Fe2+/活性炭非均相Fenton试剂氧化法降解苯酚

采用Fe2+/活性炭非均相Fenton试剂催化处理高浓度模拟苯酚废水.以体积分数为40％的硫酸对颗粒活性炭进行预处理后加入质量分数为10％的硫酸亚铁溶液,制备Fe2+/活性炭.在非均相Fenton试剂氧化体系中,Fe2+/活性炭初次使用时,苯酚去除率为92％;连续重复使用5次,苯酚去除率仍可达53％.     

Detailed characterization of polar compounds of residual oil in contaminated soil revealed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Effects of remediation technologies on polar compounds of crude oil in contaminated soils have not been well understood when compared to hydrocarbons. In this study, ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to characterize the changes in NSO polar compounds of crude oil and residual oil after long-term natural attenuation, biostimulation and subsequent ozonation following biostimulation of contaminated soils. N₁ and O₁ species, which were abundant in the crude oil, were selectively biodegraded, and species with higher double bond equivalent values and smaller carbon numbers appeared to be more resistant to microbial alteration. O₂-O₆ species were enriched by biodegradation and contained a large number of compounds with a high degree of unsaturation. Ozone could react with a variety of polar compounds in residual oil after biodegradation and showed high reactivity with polar species containing aromatic or multi-aliphatic rings, including the residual N₁ and O₁ species, naphthenic acids and unsaturated O₃-O₆ compounds. Fatty acids and O₃-O₈ species dominated by saturated alkyl compounds were resistant to ozonation or the primarily incomplete ozonation products. Principal component analysis of identified peaks in the FT-ICR MS spectra provided a comprehensive overview of the complex samples at the molecular level and the results were consistent with the detailed analysis. Taken together, these results showed the high complexity of polar compounds in residual oils after biodegradation or ozonation in contaminated soil and would contribute to a better understanding of bioremediation and ozonation processes.     

模拟可见光下掺杂TiO_2对甲醛溶液光催化降解

模拟自然条件下的可见光,以甲醛的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了通过溶胶-凝胶法分别制备的8种（银Ag、铜Cu、铁Fe、钨W、铈Ce、镧La、硫S、氯Cl）掺杂TiO2纳米晶体的光催化活性及对甲醛水溶液的去除效果。用X射线衍射、激光粒度分析和紫外-可见分光光谱表征了掺杂纳米TiO2的微晶尺寸、晶体结构与光学性能。结果表明：Ce离子尽管有较大的半径但是主要还是掺杂到晶格中,Ce掺杂可以促进TiO2由非正分锐钛矿相向锐钛矿相和金红石相的转变,抑制载流子复合,使TiO2的光吸收带边发生红移且有利于对可见光的吸收,从而使Ce掺杂TiO2在模拟可见光下光催化甲醛水溶液的能力得到明显提高。     

油田钻井废水深度处理技术

采用化学混凝-铁炭微电解-电渗析技术对钻井废水进行了深度处理实验。实验结果表明：废水pH和反应时间是影响铁炭微电解处理效果的重要因素,当废水pH为1．5,反应时间为120min时,COD去除率为50％;在电渗析除Clˉ过程中,采取直流方式出水时,在进水流量为20L／h、操作电压为30V、运行时间为15min的条件下,Clˉ去除率可达75％;而采取循环方式出水时,运行时间是影响电渗析除Clˉ效果的主要因素,当运行时间大于等于60min时,出水中Clˉ的质量浓度低于350mg/L,达到DB51／190-1993（四川省污水排放标准》中的三级排放标准。     

阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用及树脂质量控制

采用 酸套洗工艺代替传统的加水稀释洗涤工艺，成功地解决了阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用问题，研究了采用新洗涤工艺后树脂变红的机理和防止对策，结果表明，树脂发红帅微生物的参与而引起的。采以完善洗涤 灭菌措施可防止树脂 ，从而确保了稀酸套洗工艺的顺利实施。     

聚吡咯膜电极选择性分离离子研究

电渗析作为一种高效且环境友好的电驱动膜分离技术,可以在外加直流电场的驱动下实现离子的选择性分离,被广泛应用于水处理与资源回收,其中离子交换膜是选择性分离的关键 . 本研究采用电化学沉积法成功制备了聚吡咯/对甲苯磺酸(PPy/pTS)膜电极,发现其可在0.4 V 与-0.8 V(vs. Ag/AgCl)下分别发生氧化和还原反应,并伴随着阴离子的嵌入和脱出,从而实现阴离子的富集与分离 .采用 PPy/pTS 膜电极建立了膜电极电渗析器并进行 Cl^-和 SO₄^2-的分离 . 研究发现低 pTS 的掺杂量有助于提高离子分离性能,pTS 浓度为 0.1 mol·L^-1时,接收液 Cl^-和SO₄^2-的浓度分别为 0.59 mmol·L^-1和 0.03 mmol·L^-1,Cl^-/SO₄^2-分离因子可以达到 13.92.此外,优化 PPy/p...