粉煤灰吸附—石灰沉淀处理高浓度含氟废水

采用粉煤灰吸附—石灰沉淀处理高浓度含氟废水.正交实验得到的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度10℃,石灰加入量3.0 g/mL,反应时间60 min,废水pH 6.88.在此最佳工艺条件下处理F质量浓度为150 mg/L的含氟废水,Fˉ去除率为97.53％.Mn2+,Fe3+,Mg2+,A13+,Zn2+单独存在时,随5种阳离子质量浓度增大,Fˉ去除率略有增加;当5种阳离子共同存在且质量浓度均大于500 mg/L时,Fˉ去除率下降.PO43-,SO42-,CO32-,NO3-单独存在时对Fˉ去除率影响不大;当4种阴离子共同存在且质量浓度均大于800 mg/L时,Fˉ去除率低于对照实验.     

电渗析技术及其应用

电渗析技术是膜分离技术之一,具有低能耗,高效率,连续运行、环境友好等显著优点,在多个行业中有着广泛的使用。简述了几种常见的电渗析技术,包括填充床电渗析,倒极电渗析和双膜电渗析等,着重介绍了电渗析技术在水处理、食品和化工方面的应用,并简单探讨了电渗析技术其发展前景。     

含锌废水的微生物处理技术

从失活生物体和活性生物体两个角度出发，介绍了目前应用微生物法去除废水中重金属锌的研究现状，详细阐述了生物絮凝、生物吸附和硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的代谢产物(硫化氢)去除锌的机理。     

废电池极性材料在硝酸中的溶解条件

废锌锰电池极性材料在一定条件下可以较好地溶解于硝酸中，其液固质量比及H2O2加入量对溶解过程有较大的影响。采用正交实验的方法得出硝酸溶解废旧锌锰电池极性材料的适宜条件为：硝酸浓度6mol／L、液固质量比13．6、H2O2质量分数2．5％、反应温度60℃、反应时间25min。     

用清洗特殊钢废酸生产聚铁净水剂及其Mn,Cr,Ni量的测定

本文论述了长城特钢四厂在用酸洗特殊钢废酸生产聚铁净水剂中的重金属离子间问题及其废酸中Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ，Ｎｉ量的测定。     

A CONFIRMATION OF MOUNT'S AUTOPSY TECHNIQUE FOR ZINC-CAUSED FISH MORTALITY1

ABSTRACT. A total of 203 bluegill sunfish (Lepornis macrochirus, Rafinesque) which had been used in several acute zinc experiments carried out under varied environmental conditions were autopsied according to Mount's procedure for determining fish mortality due to zinc poisoning. Three classes of fish were used: those exposed to but not killed by zinc; those killed by zinc; and those not exposed to zinc. Two statistical tests were used to analyze these data and both tests gave results indicating significant differences (a = .05) between all three classes of fish. This indicates that the Mount autopsy technique is very probably a valid generalization. The possibilities of using Mount's technique as a predictive tool are discussed.     

A COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER1

Trace quantities of copper (II) ion can be found in natural water as waste products from industrial, mining, and agricultural operations. Because low concentrations of copper can be toxic to plant life, many workers have devised methods of analysis for this metal in water. These methods require expensive equipment and skilled technicians. The described study illustrates a simple method in which copper (II) ion is concentrated by a batch ion exchange technique and estimated colorimetrically after formation of the blue triethylenetetramine complex. Using the visible absorption peak of the complex at 600 nm it was possible to obtain accurate estimations of original copper concentrations in the range 0.5-3 ppm. Using the complex absorption peak at 260 nm in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum increased the sensitivity by a factor of twenty. Because of the dependence of the complex formation reaction on solution acidity it is possible to optimize conditions for the detection of copper (II) in the presence of other metal ions. This type of method, which could be extended to the analysis of other metal ions, could be performed by a relatively unskilled technician under field conditions.     

用电凝聚装置去除废水中重金属离子

用一种新型电极结构的电凝聚装置,对废水中的重金属离子进行了去除实验研究.并对影响重金属离子去除率的各种因素进行了分析.结果表明,使用该装置在适当的实验条件下,可以有效去除废水中的Zn2+、Cd+2、Pb+2、Hg2+和Cu+2,使之达到达标排放或回用水平.该装置具有结构简单,自动化程度高,操作简便,占地面积小,污泥产量小的特点.     

五氯硫酚锌盐粉尘爆炸下限浓度的实验研究

五氯硫酚锌盐的一些基本的危险性参数,如燃烧爆炸性能,目前国内外报道极少。笔者采用野外定性燃烧试验、哈特曼管实验及20 L球实验,对该物质粉尘爆炸的危险性进行研究。结果表明,该物质具有燃烧爆炸危险性,但与细小片状铝粉(燃爆危险性很强烈)相比,其粉尘的燃爆危险性很弱。以硅系点火具作为点火源,在20 L爆炸球中测试获得该粉尘爆炸下限浓度约为213 g/m3。根据ISO-6184及VD I-3673等标准,认为该粉尘的爆炸猛烈度为1级。所得结果为该物质的生产及使用安全提供了重要的参考。     

硝酸及氯离子对高温硝酸铵水溶液热危险性的影响研究

国内外学者对硝酸铵的危险性进行了大量的研究,而对其水溶液的危险性至今开展不多。笔者采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及全自动反应量热仪(RC1e)对高温状态下的硝酸铵水溶液的热分解危险性、杂质离子对其稳定性的影响进行了研究。纯硝酸铵和90%硝酸铵水溶液的DSC实验表明,90%硝酸铵溶液和分析纯硝酸铵具有相似的热爆炸危险;90%硝酸铵水溶液在140~180℃之间的RC1e试验表明:硝酸或氯离子单独存在时,对硝酸铵分解都有不同程度的抑制作用,而同时存在时则大大降低体系的热稳定性。该结果对保障硝酸铵在生产、使用过程中的安全具有重要的参考价值。