江南造山带东段鄣源枕状玄武岩的年代学与构造属性研究

江南造山带东段鄣源地区广泛发育呈构造岩块产出的镁铁质岩浆岩,包括空间上密切共生的蚀变枕状-块状玄武岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩等。玄武岩地球化学特征上总体富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土和高场强元素(Nb,P,Ti),类似于岛弧环境下岩浆活动的产物。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,枕状玄武岩形成于(832±19)Ma,与伏川蛇绿岩和庐山地区枕状玄武岩形成时代一致。结合区域资料,认为鄣源枕状玄武岩形成于弧后小洋盆环境,与其东侧的伏川蛇绿岩和西侧的庐山地区枕状熔岩同属新元古代中期弧后洋盆的产物。     

我国注册安全工程师注册现状分析

根据注册安全工程师初始注册申请表以及注册安全工程师注册信息管理数据库、国家安全生产监督管理总局和人事部人事考试中心提供的数据,对目前已注册的17441名注册安全工程师的年龄结构、学历结构、安全生产相关工作年限和受聘单位性质进行了统计分析。结果表明,我国现有注册安全工程师年龄、学历结构合理,但数量上仍不能满足需要。笔者提出应通过制订考试标准等方式加快注册安全工程师专业技术人才队伍建设的建议。     

Monitoring of Orchid Populations in a Unique Area of Their Concentration in the Middle Urals

The abundance, density, structure, and dynamics of the populations of 11 rare orchid species are characterized on the basis of observations carried out in the eastern foothills of the Middle Urals from 1991 to 2002. The pattern of changes in the age structure of populations belonging to different ecobiomorphs is revealed. The concept of vegetatively oriented and generatively oriented age spectra of populations is proposed.     

Characterizing oxygenated volatile organic compounds and their sources in rural atmospheres in China

Oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs) are important precursors and products of atmospheric secondary pollution. The sources of OVOCs, however, are still quite uncertain,especially in the atmosphere with much pollution in China. To study the sources of OVOCs in rural atmospheres, a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry(PTR-MS) was deployed at a northern rural site(WD) and a southern rural site(YMK) in China during the summer of 2014 and 2016, respectively. The continuous observation showed that the mean concentration of TVOCs(totally 17 VOCs) measured at WD(52.4 ppbv) was far higher than that at YMK(11.1 ppbv), and the OVOCs were the most abundant at both the two sites. The diurnal variations showed that local sources of OVOCs were still prominent at WD, while regional transport influenced YMK much. The photochemical age-based parameterization method was then used to quantitatively apportion the sources of ambient OVOCs. The anthropogenic primary sources at WD and YMK contributed less(2%–16%) to each OVOC species. At both the sites, the atmospheric background had a dominant contribution(～ 50%) to acetone and formic acid, while the anthropogenic secondary formation was the main source(～ 40%) of methanol and MEK. For acetaldehyde and acetic acid, the biogenic sources were their largest source(～ 40%) at WD, while the background(39%) and anthropogenic secondary formation(42%) were their largest sources at YMK, respectively. This study reveals the complexity of sources of OVOCs in China, which urgently needs explored further.     

半干旱-亚湿润干旱沙区樟子松根内真菌群落结构和功能时空动态特征

研究揭示呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松天然林和不同引种地(呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地和毛乌素沙地)不同林龄(中龄林、近熟林和成熟林)人工林根内真菌群落结构和功能时空动态特征及其对环境变化(气候因子和土壤理化性质)的响应,阐明樟子松根内真菌生态功能及其与林木生长的互作关系.结果表明：(1)樟子松人工林根内真菌多样性指数均显著高于天然林(P<0.05),且毛乌素沙地人工林最高;樟子松根内真菌群落存在明显的地理分布,但林龄影响不存在显著差异(P>0.05).(2)与樟子松人工林相比,天然林外生菌根真菌比例更高(50.49%),主要包括Acephala、小菇属(Mycena)和乳牛肝菌属(Suillus);樟子松天然林主要指示菌种为Acephala,呼伦贝尔沙地人工林为肉齿菌属(Sarcodon),科尔沁沙地人工林为红菇属(Russula)和美口菌属(Calostoma),毛乌素沙地人工林为地孔菌属(Geopora)、Mallocybe和棉革菌属(Tomentella).(3)在樟子松天然林和人工林中,指示菌种主要受到有效氮、有效磷和林龄的影响,而与土壤含水量、 pH值和全氮含量相关的指示菌种数...     

生活垃圾腐殖土物化性质及资源化利用途径——以浙江省某高龄期填埋场为例

以填埋龄期23~37a、粒径<15mm腐殖土为对象,测试分析了其物质组成、理化性质和浸出液性质.测试与分析结果表明:腐殖土中粒径范围2~15mm、0.075~2mm和<0.075mm的组分分别占比42.9%~53.9%、40.9%~44.1%和5.1%~13.0%,属于细粒砂土;随着填埋龄期增加,腐殖土特征粒径d₅₀和d₁₀呈现减小趋势,比重明显增大,并在30a后趋于稳定.腐殖土中有机质含量(18.1%~19.1%,)、氮磷钾含量、浸出液pH值(7.26~8.30)及电导率(1.08~2.51mS/cm)等指标均满足国家现行《绿化用有机基质》要求.腐殖土中重金属Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr含量均超出国家现行《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》、《绿化种植土壤》和《绿化用有机基质》的标准要求,内梅罗综合污染指数高达15.48~17.95,属于重度污染类型,且重金属主要富集在粒径<2mm的细颗粒.建议将腐殖土进一步精细化筛分为粒径2~15mm与粒径<2mm两部分,针对粒径<2mm部分采用微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀等技术,降低重金属浸出浓度.处理后的腐殖土可作为园林绿化、填埋场覆盖以及废弃矿山修复的绿化土层.     

Improved research-scale foam generator design and performance characterization

The release of a cryogenic, flammable liquid, such as LNG, poses a threat to individuals in the area of the release as well as responders who attempt to limit the damage of the release. The most common mitigation technique is high-expansion foam which can be used to blanket the liquid, reducing the accumulation of flammable vapor above the pool through a number of different mechanisms. Despite the effectiveness of high-expansion foam blanketing, there are many aspects of the interaction between foam and LNG that are unknown. A lab-scale high-expansion foam generator has been developed to allow the study of those interactions. Additionally, the novel foam generator design addresses many of the drawbacks of industrial-scale foam generators and allows researchers better control of the foam, while producing foam at rates that are conducive to lab applications. Foam was produced using the generator and expansion ratio and foam stability were measured to determine the quality. The generator was able to produce foam with expansion ratio between 298 and 892 that collapsed at an average rate of 0.4 cm per minute. This quality of the foam is comparable to industrial-scale foam generators and the foam production rate is between 1.2 and 2.2 m³/min, which fits lab-scale needs. The foam generator can also be used with other types of non-firefighting foam, such as decontamination foam for chemical, biological, or nuclear decontamination.     

锆英石基An4+放射性核素固化体性能研究

为研究锆英石基An4+(四价锕系核素)放射性核素固化体的性能,利用Ce4+作为An4+的模拟替代物质,以ZrO2、SiO2和CeO2粉体为原料,采用高温固相法制备出包容20%(物质的量,下同)Ce4+的锆英石基固化体,利用60Co源γ射线辐照装置对其进行572.1kGy的γ射线辐照.利用粉末X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对γ射线辐照前后固化体的物相、结构、微观形貌及模拟核素的浸出行为进行了研究.结果表明,固化体中虽包容有20%的Ce4+,但其主物相仍以锆英石物相为主,与标准样品相比晶胞参数发生10-4nm量级的变化,经γ射线辐照后样品晶胞参数仅发生了10-5~10-4nm量级的微弱变化,在pH6.5的HCI浸出液中Ce4+的平衡浓度低于0.30μg/L.     

Admissions to the Cardiff Poisons Unit involving paracetamol poisoning (1989–2002)

In this study, the trends in paracetamol poisoning were examined over more than a decade in Cardiff and compared with patterns for other substances taken in overdose. All data concerned patients aged 14 years and over of both genders, who were referred to the Cardiff Poisons Treatment Unit between 1989 and 2002. The Chi-squared test for trend was used. During the 14-year study period, there were 18,834 admissions to the hospital, involving poisoning either with pure paracetamol or paracetamol in combination with other drugs (37%, N = 6975), and the proportion of admissions with paracetamol poisoning increased from 36% in 1989 to 44% in 2002. Paracetamol was the second most common drug associated with admissions related to poisoning to the Cardiff Poisons Treatment Unit (37%), after alcohol (48%). Thus, paracetamol poisoning remains a major public health concern in the UK.