磁性锆铁改性膨润土添加对河道底泥磷迁移与形态转化的影响

首先采用Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、溶解性锆盐、膨润土和碱液作为原料制备得到了一种磁性锆铁改性膨润土,再通过底泥培养实验考察了磁性锆铁改性膨润土添加对底泥中磷迁移与形态转化的影响.结果表明,在缺氧条件下,河道底泥中磷会被释放进入间隙水中,继而会被释放进入上覆水中,而磁性锆铁改性膨润土添加可以极大地降低底泥中磷向间隙水的迁移通量,最终导致了上覆水中磷数量的显著下降.此外,添加磁性锆铁改性膨润土不仅促使底泥中弱吸附态磷(Liable-P)和氧化还原敏感态磷(BD-P)这2种容易释放态磷向较为稳定的金属氧化物结合态磷(NaOH-rP)和非常稳定的残渣态磷(Res-P)转变,而且降低了底泥中水溶性磷(WSP)、易解吸磷(RDP)、NaHCO_3可提取磷(Olsen-P)、藻类可利用磷(AAP)和铁氧化物-滤纸提取磷(FeO-P)这5种不同类型生物有效态磷(BAP)含量,从而降低了底泥中磷的释放风险.从底泥中分离出来的磁性锆铁改性膨润土中潜在活性磷(NH4Cl-P+BD-P)占总磷的26%左右,且含一定数量的FeO-P和Olsen-P(含量分别为161 mg·kg~(-1)和127mg·kg~(-1)).因此,及时采用磁分离的方式从底泥中将吸附磷后的磁性锆铁改性膨润土回收是非常必要的.磁性锆铁改性膨润土添加控制河道底泥中磷释放的机制是:改良剂通过对底泥中潜在活性磷和生物有效态磷的钝化作用,以及通过对间隙水中磷的吸附作用,降低了底泥中磷向间隙水的释放风险,导致间隙水中磷浓度的下降,进而降低了底泥-上覆水界面磷的扩散通量,最终导致上覆水中磷浓度的下降.以上结果说明,磁性锆铁改性膨润土是一种非常有希望的用于控制河道底泥中磷释放的改良剂.     

磁铁锆改性牡蛎壳对水体磷的控释行为研究

通过磁化和添加溶解性锆盐,制成一种磁铁锆改性牡蛎壳粉材料,对其性质及除磷效果进行研究.结果表明,经磁铁锆改性,牡蛎壳具备磁性且比表面积和孔隙度均得到了显著提升,磷吸附量由4.5 mg·g^-1提高到了46.5 mg·g^-1,同时通过外加磁场可成功实现改性牡蛎壳粉的回收,而吸附动力学研究则证明整个磷吸附过程包括快速吸附和平衡吸附两个阶段.另外,改性牡蛎壳粉末对于水体中磷的吸附主要以溶解性磷酸盐（SRP）为主,相较于底泥间隙水,改性牡蛎壳粉对底泥上覆水的释磷行为具有更好的抑制效果,同时该材料还会促进底泥磷形态中易释放的铁结合态磷（Fe-P）向难释放的闭蓄态磷（Oc-P）转化,并降低易释放交换态磷（Ex-P）的含量.上述结果说明磁铁锆改性牡蛎壳适合作为一种高效除磷吸附剂用于控制富营养化水体中磷过量现象.     

制备条件对硅胶负载氧化锆吸附除氟的影响

应用浸渍法制备了硅胶负载氧化锆除氟吸附剂,研究了焙烧温度、硅胶粒度、浸渍时间、浸渍温度、浸渍液浓度、浸渍固液比和浸渍次数等制备参数对吸附剂吸附容量的影响.实验发现焙烧温度有较大影响,450℃焙烧有最大的吸附量,再升高温度吸附量迅速下降.浸渍可在2h内达到平衡.浸渍温度越高,浸渍液浓度越高,则吸附容量越大.采用较高浓度一次浸渍优于低浓度多次浸渍.硅胶粒度和浸渍固液比也影响吸附量,粒度越大吸附量越小,粒度小于0.25mm后吸附量趋于稳定.     

Effect of precipitation pH and coexisting magnesium ion on phosphate adsorption onto hydrous zirconium oxide

To understand the effect of precipitation pH and coexisting Mg~(2+) on phosphate adsorption onto zirconium oxide(ZrO_2), ZrO_2 particles precipitated at pH 5.3, 7.1 and 10.5, i.e., ZrO_2(5.3), ZrO_2(7.1)and ZrO_2(10.5), respectively were prepared and characterized, then their adsorption performance and mechanism in the absence and presence of Mg~(2+) were comparatively investigated in this study. The results showed that the Elovich, pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models correlated with the experimental data well. The adsorption mechanism involved the complexation between phosphate and zirconium. Coexisting Mg~(2+) slightly inhibited the adsorption of phosphate on ZrO_2(5.3), including the adsorption capacity and rate, but coexisting Mg~(2+) greatly increased the adsorption capacity and rate for ZrO_2(7.1)and ZrO_2(10.5). The enhanced adsorption of phosphate on ZrO_2(7.1) and ZrO_2(10.5) in the presence of Mg~(2+) was mainly due to the formation of Mg~(2+)-HPO_4~(2-) ion pair(MgHPO_4~0) in the solution and then the adsorption of MgHPO_4~0 on the adsorbent surface, forming the phosphatebridged ternary complex Zr(OPO_3H)Mg. In the absence of Mg~(2+) , the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity at pH 7 calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model decreased in the order of ZrO 2(7.1)(67.3 mg/g) ZrO_2(5.3)(53.6 mg/g) ≈ ZrO_2(10.5)(53.1 mg/g), but it followed the order of Zr O2(7.1)(97.0 mg/g) ZrO_2(10.5)(79.7 mg/g) ZrO_2(5.3)(51.3 mg/g) in the presence of Mg~(2+) . The results of this work suggest that ZrO_2(7.1) is more suitable for use as an adsorbent for the effective removal of phosphate from municipal wastewater than ZrO_2(5.3) and ZrO_2(10.5),because Mg~(2+) is generally present in this wastewater.     

Historical Weathering Based on Chemical Analyses of Two Spodosols in Southern Sweden

Chemical weathering losses were calculated for two conifer stands in relation to ongoing studies on liming effects and ash amendments on chemical status, soil solution chemistry and soil genesis. Weathering losses were based on elemental depletion trends in soil profiles since deglaciation and exposure to the weathering environment. Gradients in total geochemical composition were assumed to reflect alteration over time. Study sites were Horröd and Hasslöv in southern Sweden. Both Horröd and Hasslöv sites are located on sandy loamy Weichselian till at an altitude of 85 and 190 m a.s.l., respectively. Aliquots from volume determined samples from a number of soil levels were fused with lithium metaborate, dissolved in HNO₃, and analysed by ICP – AES. Results indicated highest cumulative weathering losses at Hasslöv. The weathering losses for the elements are in the following order:Si > Al > K > Na > Ca > MgTotal annual losses for Ca+Mg+K+Na, expressed in mmol_c m^-2 yr^-1, amounted to c. 28 and 58 at Horröd and Hasslöv, respectively. Variations between study sites could not be explained by differences in bulk density, geochemistry or mineralogy. The accumulated weathering losses since deglaciation were larger in the uppermost 15 cm than in deeper B horizons for most elements studied.     

氯氧化锆生产排放废硅渣中锆资源的回收

开展了氯氧化锆生产排放废硅渣中锆资源的回收工艺研究,结果表明,当废硅渣在50℃条件下溶解废碱液时,硅渣中夹带的未熔锆英砂可以沉积,回收率可达到98.5%以上。继续加热溶硅碱液,可溶锆可与硅产生凝聚,形成锆富集物沉淀,锆富集物中湿基的ZrO2含量最高可达6.5%,可溶锆的回收率在97%以上。回收得到的未熔砂和锆富集物可直接返回氯氧化锆主流程中再利用,从而实现硅渣中锆的资源化利用。     

以ZrO2为载体的金属氧化物催化剂对NO还原性能的研究

研究了负载于氧化锆载体上的多种金属氧化物在富氧条件下,以丙烯为还原剂,选择性还原NO的活性,考察了CuO和Ag的负载量与活性关系,CuO和Ag单独负载与共同负载时的催化性能,以及氧气浓度对催化剂活性影响.结果表明:在CuO,MgO,La2O3 ,CoO,Fe2O3 ,MoO3和WO3等七种金属氧化物中,CuO活性最好,NO转化率为47.5%,加入活性组分银可明显提高催化剂的NO还原能力,转化率提高到61%.单独负载银时,催化剂活性较差,NO转化率仅为22.1%.在对氧气浓度的考察中,确定在0.4%NO,0.4?H6的反应气中,氧气的最佳含量为2%.     

一种新型复合除砷材料的制备及其性能

将锆的水合氧化物固载于大孔螯合树脂D401上制备出一种新型除砷材料,并研究了不同实验条件下复合吸附剂D401-Zr对水溶液中As(V)的吸附性能。研究结果表明,在pH<5.2时D401-Zr对As(V)都具有较强的吸附性能;其吸附等温线与Langmuir吸附模型具有较高的吻合度;吸附动力学研究表明,D401-Zr对砷的吸附均遵循二级动力学方程;竞争吸附实验表明,与SO24-、Cl-共存时,D401-Zr对砷的去除率大于90%,而与PO34-、F-竞争离子共存时,其去除率明显下降。     

氯氧化锆废弃物制备层状硅酸钠的研究

以氯氧化锆生产中排放的废弃物碱性废水和酸性硅渣为主要原料制备了层状硅酸钠。研究了不同工艺条件下样品的基本性能。结果表明,碱性废水和酸性硅渣为主要原料,可制备出性能良好的层状硅酸钠。其晶型主要为δ型,钙离子交换容量（CEC）可达270 mg/g,pH在11～12之间,完全满足洗涤助剂的基本要求。此方法为氯氧化锆废弃物的综合利用提供了一条新途径。     

氢化锆对太安空中爆炸及热安全性能影响的研究*

为研究氢化锆对太安空中爆炸及热安全性的影响,分别对氢化锆/太安混合炸药（ZrH2/PETN）和太安单质炸药开展空中爆炸实验和热分析实验,得到相应的压力时程曲线和TG、DSC热分解曲线。研究结果表明:氢化锆的添加会降低混合炸药的压力峰值,但能显著提高其正相作用时间,氢化锆含量为10%、20%时,氢化锆/太安混合炸药的正相冲量与太安相当。同时与纯太安相比,氢化锆/太安混合组分的最大质量损失速率下降约51.07%~60.04%,热爆炸临界温度及自加速分解温度最大提高约8.78%和9.93%,但混合组分中氢化锆的加入并未改变太安的热分解机理,说明氢化锆作为惰性热稀释剂能够改善其热安全性。