采空区对地表建筑物的影响评价方法研究

为研究金属矿山采动灾害影响,论述了金属矿山采空区上覆岩层移动对地表建筑物影响评价理论和技术方法,即"三带理论"、岩石移动带理论和数值模拟方法;指出了金属矿山空区稳定性和岩石移动的主要影响因素。结合某铁矿采空区的实际情况,综合应用这3种方法对该铁矿进行了定性、定量评价。分析3种评价方法的特点,旨在探索金属矿山的采动影响评价方法,以便保护矿区附近建筑物的安全,减小采动灾害对矿山企业及附近居民生命财产损失。     

氧调控下复合垂直流人工湿地脱氮研究

溶解氧是人工湿地脱氮的重要限制性因子,调控湿地内氧状态分布是提高其脱氮效果的关键所在.为此,研究了夏、冬季时氧凋控下复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)中氧状态的变化规律、脱氮效果及净化机制.结果表明,氧调控下IVCW中氧状态改善明显,夏、冬季时好氧Ⅰ区范围(以深度表示)分别从22 cm、17 cm扩大至53 cm、44 c...     

江西九瑞地区铜多金属矿整装勘查区成矿规律与找矿靶区优选

江西九瑞地区铜多金属矿整装勘查区为全国47个整装勘查区之一,是我国重要的铜金铅锌矿集区。通过对成矿地质条件分析和最新地质找矿成果研究,本文总结了区内成矿规律、北西向构造、燕山期花岗闪长斑岩等为区内铜金多金属矿成矿重要条件,同时认为北东东向构造-岩浆岩带为重要的成矿远景区,并优选出城门山矿区及外围、宋家湾-武山矿区及外围、彭山地区、邓家山-通江岭、宝山-大桥地区、大浪-洋鸡山丁家山等铜金铅锌矿找矿靶区。     

基于RRM模型的三峡库区重庆开县消落区土地利用生态风险评价

以三峡库区重庆开县消落区为研究对象,基于风险度量的基本原理,在实地考察、历史资料考证和2007年遥感影像景观分类的基础上引入相对风险模型,将研究区划分为4个风险单元,并选取5种生境类型、5类风险源和3种生态受体,以此计算该地区不同风险小区土地利用的综合生态风险值,并依据生态风险值的高低划分为4级.研究结果表明,在消落区内,风险等级随着土地出露水面海拔高度的增加而加大,在海拔达到170m以上的消落区生态系统受到的伤害更大.作物种植等风险源对生物物种、生态系统等生态受体的作用是生态风险增大的主要原因,其中,生物物种受到的风险最大,其次为生态系统、景观格局.研究结果可为三峡库区的环境保护和生态风险管理决策提供科学依据.     

SO2 emission cap planning for Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone

The SO₂ emission sources of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone were divided into 556 emissions units according to four different categories, which are city, industry, point sources, and area sources. The CALPUFF model was used to calculate the contribution of each unit, and consequently obtain an influence-transferring matrix. To ensure that the SO₂ concentrations of 46 cities and counties in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone meet air quality standards, an emission optimization model was developed to calculate optimal emissions of each emission unit under different development scenarios. The result showed the optimal emissions of SO₂ by different provinces and industries. To achieve the target of restricting and optimizing development, corresponding planning programs were developed for every district.     

黄河三角洲潮间带底栖动物群落结构分析及环境质量评价

2010年5月与8月对黄河三角洲湿地7个潮间带断面的大型底栖动物进行了定量调查,研究了其物种组成、生物量、栖息密度、优势种等群落结构特征,并采用大型底栖动物污染指数(MPI)对该区域环境质量进行了评价。调查中共获得大型底栖动物33种,隶属于软体动物(16种)、甲壳动物(9种)、多毛类环节动物(4种)、鱼类(2种)和腕足动物(1种);优势度指数较高,群落优势种较为集中,主要为光滑河蓝蛤、彩虹明樱蛤、泥螺、托氏昌螺、短文蛤、拟沼螺、双齿围沙蚕、日本刺沙蚕和四角蛤蜊;栖息密度和生物量分别为692.30/m2和658.94 g/m2,因季节及环境状况差异而不同;由MPI评价结果可知,黄河三角洲湿地潮间带总体为清洁和轻度污染,环境质量良好。     

王家庄地热田成因及地热资源评价

本文在分析湖北省通山县王家庄地热田区域水文地质条件的基础上,探讨了地热田的地热地质条件、地球物理特征及其成因,同时对地热田地热资源进行了评价,并针对地热田的现状提出了开发方案及建议.     

基于surfer8.0的高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程灾害性评价中的应用

surfer8.0是一款画三维图的软件,结合高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程灾害性评价中的应用实例,验证了高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程中具有的可行性、有效性和实用性.     

Distribution of mercury in different environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runoff, and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined effect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

河流型水源保护区划分方法探讨

为了保障饮用水供水安全和公众的健康,我国对水源地实行保护区制度,但保护区的划分方法却不尽合理。文章以某一个河流型水源地的参数为依据,分别采用一维模式和二维模式计算保护区长度;同时说明了各种方法的优缺点和我国现行水源保护区划分方法中存在的问题:一维模型计算的长度太长,实际难以操作,二维模型计算不符合实际情况,我国现行规范方法参数难以选取等,并针对这些问题建议在不同的河段采用不同的计算方法,合理划定保护区长度。