潮间带沉积物中酸提重金属的垂直分布与活性研究

潮间带的高、中、低潮带由于曝气时间不同,氧化层厚度依次变浅,以1mol/LHCI提取的重金属(AEM)垂直分布趋势各异,20cm以上各潮带酸提重金属最大值出现的层次不同,但Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni在相同的潮带垂直分布趋势一致,原因是酸可挥发硫含量大于重金属,AEM主要来自于二价硫结合态,但低潮带有部分AEM应来自于铁锰结合态或有机结合态;中潮带沉积物中重金属易于向上覆水释放。     

Impact of 100-Year Human Interventions on the Deltaic Coastal Zone of the Inner Thermaikos Gulf (Greece): A DPSIR Framework Analysis

The Axios River delta and the Inner Thermaikos Gulf coastal zone have experienced a long period of human interventions during the past 100 years. A post-evaluation of long run coastal zone changes under the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Response (DPSIR) conceptual framework is presented. The DPSIR approach is then used to project out into possible futures in order to connect with policy and management options proposed for the improvement of the current conditions and the achievement of sustainable development, in the coastal zone. Socio-economic driving forces with their origins in the end of the 19^th century have generated numerous pressures in the coastal environment that changed the state of the environment. In the first part of the last century, there was no coupling between change of state and policy. Due to increasing environmental awareness, a coupling became more apparent over the last thirty years. Human interventions include river route realignment, extensive drainage of the plains, irrigation network, roads and dam constructions. The consequences were positive for the economic development of the area, human health, and navigation for the port of Thessaloniki. In contrast, the manipulation and over-use of natural resources has led to a reduction of wetlands, biodiversity loss, stress on freshwater supplies, and subsidence of coastal areas, aquifer salinization, and rapid coastal erosion. Three plausible future scenarios are utilised in order to investigate the implications of this environmental change process and possible socio-economic consequences.     

Coastal resource complexes of South India: options for sustainable management

India's coastal resource complexes were traditionally characterized by a continuum of 'common property resources' or 'commons' that stretched from the shores to the seas. The continuum aided the existence of sustainable livelihood systems for local communities. Today, fragmented policy approaches and economic welfare schemes have caused the disintegration of community control over the continuum. As a consequence, livelihood systems of local communities have declined. The introduction of coastal management guidelines in the 1990s has exacerbated the situation. With reference to a coastal village located in the State of Kerala in South West India, the paper describes the trajectory of unsustainable change that has taken place in the coastal area resource complexes of the country. The paper argues for restoring the continuum of commons in the study area through community driven systems of natural resource management that are based on networks of nested institutions.     

全国水环境功能区编码研究

编码是将大量零散图表数据方便整合和有效管理的关键和基础.在对各省、自治区、直辖市区划图表数据系统整合过程中,分析了欧美等国外现有河流编码及国内相关部门,如水利、测绘等河流编码的优劣.鉴于原水功能区编码的不适宜性并参考国际河流编码的经验,提出了一套比较适合整合水环境功能区划GIS数据的全新14位数字字母混合编码.该编码由6位数字型行政区划代码(GB2260-1995)、国家1∶250 000地形数据库采用的6位数字字母混合河流名称代码及2位数字顺序码的三段码组合而成,可用其唯一识别每一功能区并链接区划图表数据.但由于该编码拘于1∶250 000电子地图河流图层数据的线型(polyline)和多边型(polygon)数据结构,而非路径网络(network)结构,决定了这种基于河流名称代码的水环境功能区编码还不能反映出功能区的长度(或长度比例)等基本属性,未来研究可借鉴美国先进经验,以使之更趋完善.      

海口市南渡江河岸带生态修复策略与技术路径研究

河流作为自然界的一部分,是人类文明的摇篮,也是人类活动的重要区域.河岸带是河流生态系统的重要组成部分,在维系生态平衡中发挥着巨大作用.本文以南渡江河岸带生态修复为例,提出了河岸带的3种生态修复策略和5种生态修复模式,并对未来河流生态修复重点提出了相关建议,以期为国内河流生态修复与综合管理提供参考与借鉴.     

火灾区域模型中压力方程的求解

建筑火灾区域模拟的工作核心有两部分:建立火灾发展过程中各个现象的数学模型;通过求解数学方程式得到室内压力、温度和烟气层高度等火灾参数。其中后者是进行区域模拟软件编制以及火灾风险评估的核心,尤其是压力方程的求解,因为压力是求解其它参数的前提。本文给出了压力方程的求解思路,尤其以单室火灾为例介绍了压力求解的具体方法,最后验证了结果的正确性。     

Assessment of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Nitrate Removal in Riparian Zones

The aim of this study was to monitor long-term temporal and spatial groundwater NO₃^- removal efficiencies in different riparian zones via a limited number of sampling wells. Groundwater NO₃^- concentrations were measured fortnightly or monthly over a period of two years using transects of ground water sampling wells. Depending on the level of the NO₃^- load (up to 120mgNL^-1 at the input side of the riparian zone a distance of 10 to 30m was needed to remove NO₃^- from the groundwater below 11.3mgNL^-1. Considering all seasons, the mixed vegetation and grass riparian site succeeded to remove groundwater NO₃^- efficiently (92—100% within a distance of 30m. The forested riparian zone removed 72—90% of the total NO₃^- input within a distance of 30m. Evidence emerged that NO₃^- could also be removed actively at depths up to 2m, due to the presence of organically enriched layers of alluvial deposits or roots. Our four dimensional approach (three dimensional space and time), in combination with a limited number of sampling wells, was shown to be a useful monitoring tool to assess the variability of NO₃^- removal in riparian zones.     

三峡水库消落带典型主动与被动修复策略对土壤饱和导水率的影响

人工造林的主动修复与退耕还林还草的被动修复是退化生态系统典型的生态修复策略.以三峡水库运行后形成的消落带为研究对象,研究不同生态修复策略对消落带土壤饱和导水率的影响,对生态脆弱带的水土保持效应具有重要意义.选取桑树+水杉复合林(主动修复)、自然草地(被动修复)、农田(对照)为研究样地,探究了两种不同生态修复策略下三峡水...     

氮肥厂环境评价中卫生防护距离的确定

在氮肥厂环境评价中,确定卫生防护距离是非常必要的,而相关的研究、介绍却较少.通过实例分析,介绍了氮肥厂卫生防护距离计算方法、原则和步骤,采用地面浓度反推法,计算出污染物的无组织排放量,对其中有关参数进行了取舍,从而确定出卫生防护距离,并提出了现有计算方法的不足和需要改进的方面.     

伶仃洋海域允许负荷研究

系统地研究了海域允许负荷的分析与计算方法。从海域污染物输入-水质响应关系出发,分析了伶仃洋沿岸污染物输入-海域水质响应的宏观规律,对污染源的重要性进行了排序,计算出了不同环境功能分区下海域允许负荷量,从而指出了该海域为实现其水质目标所应采取的污染控制方案。本成果为伶仃洋海域的污染控制提供了依据。