Biodegradation of 2-methylquinoline by Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D isolated from activated sludge

Bacterial strain Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D capable of utilizing 2-methylquinoline as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from acclimated activated sludge under denitrifying conditions. The ability to degrade 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was investigated under denitrifying conditions. Under optimal conditions of temperature (35℃) and initial pH 7, 2-methylquinoline of 100 mg/L was degraded within 176 hr. The degradation of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D could be well described by the Haldane model (R² > 0.91). During the degradation period of 2-methylquinoline (initial concentration 100 mg/L), nitrate was almost completely consumed (the removal efficiency was 98.5%), while nitrite remained at low concentration (< 0.62 mg/L) during the whole denitrification period. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline, 4-ethyl-benzenamine, N-butyl-benzenamine, N-ethyl-benzenamine and 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine were metabolites produced during the degradation. The degradation pathway of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was proposed. 2-Methylquinoline is initially hydroxylated at C-4 to form 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline, and then forms 2-methyl-4-quinolinol as a result of tautomerism. Hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring at positions 2 and 3 produces 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-4-quinolinol. The carbon-carbon bond at position 2 and 3 in the heterocyclic ring may cleave and form 2-ethyl-N-ethyl-benzenamine. Tautomerism may result in the formation of 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine and N-butyl-benzenamine. 4-Ethyl-benzenamine and N-ethyl-benzenamine were produced as a result of losing one ethyl group from the above molecules.     

产气肠杆菌(KLE-1)絮凝特性的研究

从土壤中筛选出一株产生菌KLE-1,经鉴定该菌株为产气肠杆菌(Klebsiella mobilis)．利用乳品废水作为发酵培养基,该菌株产生多糖类微生物絮凝剂;Ca^2 对该絮凝剂的助絮凝效果优于其它金属阳离子;采用红外扫描、zeta电位测定仪对絮凝机理进行研究,表明该絮凝剂主要以架桥作用为主．     

成团泛菌MFC-3的分离鉴定及其腐殖质/Fe(Ⅲ)呼吸特性研究

从地下古森林沉积物样品中富集分离到1株腐殖质/Fe(Ⅲ)还原菌MFC-3菌株,经16S rDNA基因序列分析,该菌与成团泛菌Pantoea agglomerans WAB1951的相似性为99%,确定为成团泛菌.通过序批式厌氧实验考察了MFC-3的腐殖质呼吸活性、电子利用情况以及对4种铁氧化物的还原活性.结果表明,MFC-3能够以AQDS为唯一电子受体进行厌氧胞外呼吸,可利用的电子供体有:甲酸、乳酸、丙三醇、柠檬酸、葡萄糖和蔗糖,且AQDS还原速率顺序为:蔗糖葡萄糖柠檬酸乳酸丙三醇甲酸;以葡萄糖作为电子供体时,48 h内0.3 mmol.L-1的AQDS被还原,同时4.5 mmol.L-1葡萄糖被消耗,菌数增殖近7倍,证明MFC-3能够进行腐殖质呼吸;MFC-3还能以多种Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物为电子受体进行厌氧呼吸,25 d内分别有2.5 mmol.L-1水铁矿、2.1 mmol.L-1纤铁矿、2.3 mmol.L-1针铁矿及0.8 mmol.L-1赤铁矿被还原溶解.本研究为胞外呼吸研究与应用提供1株适宜的模式菌株.     

一株阴沟肠杆菌对BTEX的降解特性研究

从污水处理厂废水中分离筛选出一株以BTEX为唯一碳源的阴沟肠杆菌,命名为btex-4,菌种鉴定为Enterobactergergoviaes train:NBRC 105706。btex-4菌在温度为30℃,底物浓度为100 mg/L,p H=7.0,150 r/min条件下对BTEX的降解率依次为90.04%、90.13%、92.68%、95.83%。菌株在p H=6~8的范围内,可以正常生长并在72 h内将底物全部降解。同时btex-4可以降解25~200 mg/L的BTEX,当底物浓度低于25 mg/L时,菌株生长缓慢,当底物浓度高于100 mg/L时,会对乙苯的降解产生抑制,乙苯的降解速率降低。另外,该菌株可以适应10~30℃的温度变化,且随着温度的升高,降解率和降解速率随之升高。     

Immigrant Pantoea agglomerans embedded within indigenous microbial aggregates：A novel spatial distribution of epiphytic bacteria

Immigrant bacteria located on leaf surfaces are important to the health of plants as well as to people who consume fresh fruits and vegetables. However, the spatial distribution and organization of these immigrant bacteria on leaf surfaces are still poorly understood. To examine the spatial organization of these strains, two bacterial strains on tobacco leaves： （1） an indigenous strain, Pseudomonas stutzeri Nov. Y2011 labeled with green fluorescent protein, and （2） an immigrant strain Pantoea agglomerans labeled with cyan fluorescent protein isolated from pear, were studied. Under moist conditions, P. agglomerans cells quickly disappeared from direct observation by laser- scanning confocal microscopy, although elution results indicated that large amounts of live cells were still present on the leaves. Following exposure to desiccation stress, particles of cyan fluorescent protein-labeled P. agglomerans were visible within cracked aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Detailed observation of sectioned aggregates showed that colonies of immigrant P. agglomerans were embedded within aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Furthermore, carbon-resource partitioning studies suggested that these two species could coexist without significant nutritional competition. This is the first observation of an immigrant bacterium embedding within aggregates of indigenous bacteria on leaves to evade harsh conditions in the phyllosphere.     

产气肠杆菌发酵产氢的批式放大试验研究

文章在批式小试实验的基础上,采用优化后的生态因子,对产气肠杆菌进行了10 L规模的放大发酵罐实验研究。研究发现,450 mL小样制氢实验试验放大至10 L发酵体积后,并未达到同样的单位气体产量和底物分解率,氢气产量仅为小试的50%⁷0%,主要由于发酵罐体内二氧化碳和饱和气相处于高压状态,因此而产生的副反应对产氢造成的抑制作用更加显著。通过N2扫吹可将发酵液相中的氢气和二氧化碳移除,延长产气时间、增加气体产量,氢气产量可由1.649 L/L media提高至2.478 L/L media,提高了50.3%。同时通过流加方式补给底物葡萄糖,可减弱中间产物累积对副反应的抑制作用,进一步提高氢气产率。在N2扫吹与葡萄糖流加方式共同优化作用下,产气肠杆菌10 L规模发酵产氢量可提高67.25%。     

营养物质对细菌质粒pEA9∷Km在土壤中接合转移频率的影响

用成团肠杆菌(Enterobacter agglomerans) T7(pEA9∷Km)为供体菌,以E.a.339(pEA9-)为受体菌在天然土壤中进行接合实验,测定各种营养物质对重组质粒pEA9∷Km同源接合转移频率的影响.实验发现,如果在土壤中只加入生理盐水或无机盐培养基,就观察不到细菌数量的增加和质粒的转移;只有加入碳源物质后才检测到细菌数量的增加和质粒的接合转移,接合转移频率的大小位于1.2×10-4～4.4×10-4之间,与所加碳源物质的种类关系不大.图2 表1 参13     

真菌-细菌修复石油污染土壤的协同作用机制研究

提出并研究了真菌和细菌协同强化原位修复石油污染土壤.从中原油田石油污染土壤中筛选出刺孢小克银汉霉菌(Cunninghamella echinulata)和阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae),在泥浆体系中考察了Cun.echinulata和E.cloacae的生长及其对石油烃的降解过程.结果表明,混合培养体系中细菌和真菌的数量最高分别为其纯培养体系的3倍和20倍,细胞衰亡则被明显推迟;混合培养体系中石油烃的去除率高于真菌和细菌纯培养体系石油烃去除率的总和;采用多次接种新鲜菌种的培养方式能够强化混合培养体系对石油烃的降解.在石油烃污染土壤中接入由Cun.echinulata和E.Cloacae所组成的真菌-细菌微生物制剂实施原位修复,结果表明,Cun.echinulata和E.Cloacae的生长及其对石油烃的降解不受土著微生物的抑制,最适工艺条件为:水和木屑含量分别为25%和6%(质量分数),Cun.echinulata和E.cloacae接种量分别为2.5×104和2.5 × 107CFU/g.接种上述真菌-细菌40 d后石油烃去除率可达约65%,而土著微生物对石油烃去除率为16.0%.     

Biodegradation of acrylamide by Enterobacter aerogenes isolated from wastewater in Thailand

A widespread use of acrylamide,probably a neurotoxicant and carcinogen,in various industrial processes has led to environmental contamination.Fortunately,some microorganisms are able to derive energy from acrylamide.In the present work,we reported the isolation and characterization of a novel acrylamide-degrading bacterium from domestic wastewater in Chonburi,Thailand.The strain grew well in the presence of acrylamide as 0.5% (W/V),at pH 6.0 to 9.0 and 25°C.Identification based on biochemical characteristic...     

1株高耐性肠杆菌的筛选及对镉、砷同步钝化

从镉、砷复合污染农田土壤中筛选出1株具有硫酸盐还原功能的肠杆菌,通过去除率实验结合表征实验来探究其对镉、砷钝化机制.结果表明,经鉴定筛选出来的菌株M5为肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.),具有硫酸盐还原功能,对镉、砷最大耐受浓度为1.0 mmol·L^-1左右.在模拟体系中,菌株M5对镉去除率最大达94.13%,对砷去除率最大为27.26%.SEM-EDS和XRD的结果证实了Cd和As被固定成CdS和As₂S₃,XPS结果表明该菌表面的羧基、羟基和酰胺基主要参与生物吸附.结果为微生物应用修复重金属及类金属污染土壤提供思路和理论依据.